Dinitrocresols

In the process of thermal dimerization at elevated temperatures, significant polymer is formed resulting in seriously decreased yields of dimer. Dinitrocresol has been shown to be one of the few effective inhibitors of this thermal polymerization. In the processing of streams, thermal dimerization to convert 1,3-cyclopentadiene to dicyclopentadiene is a common step. Isoprene undergoes significant dimerization and codimerization under the process conditions. 

In a smog chamber experiment, 2-methylphenol reacted with nitrogen oxides to form nitrocresols, dinitrocresols, and hydroxynitrocresols (McMurry and Grosjean, 1985). Anticipated products from the reaction of 2-methylphenol with ozone or OH radicals in the atmosphere are hydroxynitrotoluenes and ring cleavage compounds (Cupitt, 1980). 

Dinitrobenzol, see 1,3-Dinitrobenzene o-Dinitrobenzol, see 1,2-Dinitrobenzene Dinitrocresol, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol Dinitro-o-cresol, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol... 

Dimethylurea, see Methyl isocyanate lYlV-Dimethylurea, see Aldicarb 2,2 -Dinitro-4,4 -azoxytoluene, see 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,4 -Dinitro-2, 4-azoxytoluene, see 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 4,4 -Dinitro-2,2 -azoxytoluene, see 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 6,6 -Dinitro-2,2 -azoxytoluene, see 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 4,4 -Dinitrobiphenyl, see Benzidine Dinitrocresols, see 2-Methylphenol iV-(2,6-Dinitro-3,4-dimethyl)phenyl acetamide, see... 

The most important of these explosive isomers is the alpha-trinitrotoluene, known as TNT. In crude, commercial TNT, 4 to 5% of impurities are present, consisting mainly of. a mixture of beta-, or 2,3,4-, and gamma, or 3,4,6-trinitrotoluenes. These impurities may be removed by treating the crude TNT with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite. Ac-, cording to Davis (Ref 3) the beta- and gamma-isomers react with lead oxide in alcohol to form lead dinitrocresolates, while alpha-TNT remains unaffected under similar conditions Refs 1) M. Copisarow, Chem News 118, 13-14 (1919) CA 13, 791 (1919) 2) M.M. Kos-tevitch, Trinitrobenzene Trinitrotoluene, Paris (1927) 3) Davis (1943) p 147... 

Toluene, which is more reactive than benzene, may be nitrated with a more dilute mixed acid containing about 23% of water.97,98,100 Typical isomer compositions are 57-60% ortho, 37-40% para, and 3-4% meta isomers. Although 97-98% overall yields may be achieved with less than 0.5% of dinitrotoluenes, oxidative byproducts, mainly dinitrocresols, are formed.101... 

Dr Otto Borgmann obtd patents in 1893 for the manuf of expls contg salts or additive compds similar to those produced from Dinitrophenols (cited in Ref 4). The shock sensitiveness of Dinitrocresols, and a number of other expls, was detd by Wohler Wenzelberg (Ref 6a). In addn to their use as expls, Dinitrocresols have been used in selective herbicides insecticides (Ref 11). See also Cresylates Refs l) Beil 6, 368, (180) [34ll 2) Beil 6,... 

J- and y-TNT lose their active nitro group by the action of aqueous alkali and yield salts of dinitro-m-cresol.29 The mixed dinitro-m-cresols which result may be nitrated to trinitro-m-cresol, a valuable explosive. Their salts, like the picrates, are primary explosives and sources of danger. - and y-TNT react with lead oxide in alcohol to form lead dinitrocresolates, while a-TNT under the same conditions remains unaffected. 

DNOC (4,6 -dinitro-o-cresol) is one of a group of dinitrophenol and dinitrocresol herbicides that are highly toxic to both humans and animals. Most compounds in this class are well absorbed from the GI tract, via the skin and by the lung (as fine droplets). 

Other ingredients that may be found in smokeless powders include camphor, carbazole, cresol, diethyleneglycoldinitrate (DEGDN), dimethylse-bacate, dinitrocresol, di-normal-propyl adipate, 2.4-dinitrodiphenylamine, PETN, TNT, RDX, acaroid resin, gum arabic, synthetic resins, aluminum, ammonium chlorate/oxalate/perchlorate, pentaerythritol dioleate, oxamide, lead carbonate/salicylate/stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium aluminum fluoride, sodium carbonate/bicarbonate, petrolatum, dioctylphthalate, stannic oxide, potassium cyrolate, triphenyl bismuth. 

S.W. Wilson, JRNBS 52, 195-99(1954) CA 48, 11061(1954)(A photoelectric colorimeter for measuring the chromaticities of pyrotechnic smokes) 20)Snell Snell 4(1954) [Colorimetric tests of various org compds including many expls and their primary materials, such as CarbazoIe(pp 314-15) Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (p 17) 2,4-Dinittoanisole(p 19) Dinitrobenzene (p 16) Dinitrocresol(p 19) Dinitronaphthalene (p 19) Dinitrophenol(p 13) 2,4-Dinitroresorcinol (p 13) 2,4-Dinitrotoluene(p 18) Dinitroxylene ... 

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