1.4- Dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene

Awad et al. reported extensive studies on the various imidazolium salts and montmo-rillonites modified with these salts [37]. The imidazolium salts included l,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, l-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1 -decyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, l,2-dimethyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium, l,2-dimethyl-3-eicosylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylbenzene imidazolium, and l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium. The authors investigated the effect of counterion, alkyl chain length, and structural isomerism on the thermal stability of the imidazolium salts and compared their behavior with that of the conventional quaternary ammonium ions using a number of characterization techniques. It was reported that... 

Benzene, (2-chloro-1,1-dimethylethyl)- (p-Chloro-a,a-dimethyl)ethylbenzene (p-Chloro-t-butyl)benzene (2-Chloro-1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene p,p-Dimethylphen-ethyl chloride EINECS 208-197-7 2-Methyl-2-phenyl-propyl chloride Neophyl chloride NSC 54159. Liquid bp = 223 , bpi8 = 105" very soluble in EtOH, EtzO, MezCO, CeHe. 

Biopract provides technological products and processes for industry, agriculture, and environment. They not only produce technical enzyme preparations but also develop enzymes for applications in agriculture, food, and textile industry as well as in environmental technologies. On the later, bioremediation has been an area of service delivery from Biopract. Their activities regards microbial preparations for the bioremediation of organic contaminants (mineral oil (MKW), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOC), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). 

The linear co-oxidation dependence was observed for the following pairs of hydrocarbons (333 K, initiator AIBN) tetralin-ethylbenzene, phenylcyclopentane-ethylbenzene, phenyl-cyclohexane-ethylbenzene, tetralin-phenylcyclohexane, cyclohexene-2-butene, 2,3-dimethyl, and cyclohexene-pinane [8]. 

Fig. 4. Arrhenius plots for the pressure-dependent flow system decomposition of dimethyl mercury. 1, Gowenlock, Polanyi and Warhurst (7 torr C02+3 torr toluene), Kominar and Price (4.4 torr toluene) 2, Price and Trotman-Dickenson (16 torr toluene, rate coefficients corrected for methyl radicals found as ethylbenzene) 3, Krech and Price (16 torr benzene). O, Lossing and Tickner (6-20 torr helium).

Ethylbenzene Isomerization Isomerization of EB requires both metal and acid function. Hydrogenation results in an intermediate naphthene. The acid function is required to isomerize the naphthene to a methyl-ethyl-substituted five-mem-bered ring species that can further convert to a dimethyl-substituted six-membered ring naphthene. This can be dehydrogenated by the metal function to a xylene isomer, OX in the example shown in Figure 14.9. 

Similar results were achieved when benzene was reduced with alkali metals in anhydrous methylamine at temperatures of 26-100°. Best yields of cyclohexene (up to 77.4%) were obtained with lithium at 85° [396]. Ethylamine [397] and especially ethylenediamine are even better solvents [398]. Benzene was reduced to cyclohexene and a small amount of cyclohexane [397, 398] ethylbenzene treated with lithium in ethylamine at —78° gave 75% of 1-ethyl-cyclohexene whereas at 17° a mixture of 45% of 1-ethylcyclohexene and 55% of ethylcyclohexane was obtained [397], Xylenes m- and p-) yielded non-conjugated 2,5-dihydro derivatives, l,3-dimethyl-3,6-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, respectively, on reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia in the presence of ethanol (in poor yields) [399]. Reduction of diphenyl with sodium or calcium in liquid ammonia at —70° afforded mainly 1-phenylcyclohexene [400] whereas with sodium in ammonia at 120-125° mainly phenylcyclohexane [393] was formed. 

Problem 11.22 Show steps in the synthesis of (a) o-chlorotoluene and (b) l,3-dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene. ... 

Aromatization of n-octane yielded ethylbenzene and o-xylene, the products of direct 1,6 closure, but m- and p-xylenes were also formed.205 Isomeric dimethyl-hexanes, expected to give only one aromatic compound each according to 1,6 carbon-carbon closure, produced all isomeric alkylbenzenes.206 Alkanes that cannot undergo dehydrogenation did not yield aromatic compounds, which pointed to the importance of alkene intermediates in aromatization. 

Table 5.23. Alkylation of Benzene, Toluene, and Ethylbenzene with Dimethyl- and Diethylhalonium Fluoroantimonates in S02C1F288...

An alternative milder procedure is the reduction of the corresponding toluene-p-sulphonylhydrazones with catecholborane, followed by decomposition of the intermediate with sodium acetate in the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide, or with tetrabutylammonium acetate.1 These methods, which do not have the disadvantages of the Clemmensen reduction, are illustrated by the preparation of ethylbenzene from acetophenone (Expt 6.4, Methods A and B). Outline mechanisms for these reactions are given below. 

Abbreviations AD, asymmetric dihydroxylation BPY, 2,2 -bipyridine DMTACN, 1,4-dimethyl-l,4,7-triazacyclonane EBHP, ethylbenzene hydroperoxide ee, enantiomeric excess HAP, hydroxyapatite LDH, layered double hydroxide or hydrotalcite-type structure mCPBA, meta-chloroperbenzoic acid MTO, methyltrioxorhenium NMO, A-methylmorpholine-A-oxide OMS, octahedral molecular sieve Pc, phthalocyanine phen, 1,10-phenantroline PILC, pillared clay PBI, polybenzimidazole PI, polyimide Por, porphyrin PPNO, 4-phenylpyridine-A-oxide PS, polystyrene PVP, polyvinylpyridine SLPC, supported liquid-phase catalysis f-BuOOH, tertiary butylhydroperoxide TEMPO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-l-piperdinyloxy TEOS, tetraethoxysilane TS-1, titanium silicalite 1 XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 

Process Economics Program Report SRI International. Menlo Park, CA, Isocyanates IE, Propylene Oxide 2E, Vinyl Chloride 5D, Terephthalic Acid and Dimethyl Terephthalate 9E, Phenol 22C, Xylene Separation 25C, BTX, Aromatics 30A, o-Xylene 34 A, m-Xylene 25 A, p-Xylene 93-3-4, Ethylbenzene/Styrene 33C, Phthalic Anhydride 34B, Glycerine and Intermediates 58, Aniline and Derivatives 76C, Bisphenol A and Phosgene 81, C1 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 126, Chlorinated Solvent 48, Chlorofluorocarbon Alternatives 201, Reforming for BTX 129, Aromatics Processes 182 A, Propylene Oxide Derivatives 198, Acetaldehyde 24 A2, 91-1-3, Acetic Acid 37 B, Acetylene 16A, Adipic Acid 3 B, Ammonia 44 A, Caprolactam 7 C, Carbon Disulfide 171 A, Cumene 92-3-4, 22 B, 219, MDA 1 D, Ethanol 53 A, 85-2-4, Ethylene Dichloride/Vinyl Chloride 5 C, Formaldehyde 23 A, Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) 31 B, Hydrogen Cyanide 76-3-4, Maleic Anhydride 46 C, Methane (Natural Gas) 191, Synthesis Gas 146, 148, 191 A, Methanol 148, 43 B, 93-2-2, Methyl Methacrylate 11 D, Nylon 6-41 B, Nylon 6,6-54 B, Ethylene/Propylene 29 A, Urea 56 A, Vinyl Acetate 15 A. 

C12H18 p-tert-butyl ethylbenzene 7364-19-4 -38.35 1.0597 2 24753 C12H2204 dimethyl sebacate 106-79-6 28.00 0.9882 1... 

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