Dimethyl Anthranilate, 480,

Feeding repellents for pest birds are the most important application of chemical stimuli to manipulate bird behavior. Methyl anthranilate (Fig. 13.1) and dimethyl anthranilate, esters of benzoic acid, are found in concord grapes and are used as artificial flavorings. Starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, have an aversion to methyl anthranilate, which irritates the trigeminal nerve, and they feed less on food flavored with a variety of anthranilates. They avoid the more volatile anthranilates most. The odor is partly responsible for the effect contact is not necessary. In one particular experiment, only volatile compounds were aversive (Mason and Clark, 1987). If only anthranilate-treated food is offered, the birds will accept more of the flavored food than they do if they offered a choice between... 

Mandarin peel oil volatiles contain many of the same volatiles as orange peel oil however, there are a few differences such as elevated levels of dimethyl an-thranilate and thymol. It has been reported [54] that the characteristic mandarin peel oil aroma was due to a combination of dimethyl anthranilate, thymol, a-terpinene and /1-pinene. 

The flavor of most citrus cultivars is complex, and compounding citrus flavors requires the blending of several components in specific proportions to obtain the unique flavor of each citrus cultivar (3). Studies on Sicilian mandarin oil suggest the distinct flavor and aroma of mandarins is mainly due to 2 compounds, thymol and methyl-N-methyl anthranilate (dimethyl anthranilate) but no evidence to support this claim has been presented (42). Thymol has been identified in Dancy tangerine peel oil, and both thymol and dimethyl anthranilate have been identified in Sicilian mandarin oil (3). The reported quantities of thymol in mandarin oil varied from 0.04-0.2% of the oil, whereas only one value (0.9%) was reported for dimethyl anthranilate. 

The taste thresholds for dimethyl anthranilate and thymol (Table XI) indicate the effect of these two components on the aroma of mandarin oil and the flavor of tangerine juice containing mandarin oil. Dimethyl anthranilate is by far the more potent flavor component, for it is detectable at a level that is one-hundredth that of thymol in water and one-thousandth that of thymol in bland tangerine juice (Table XI). We estimated the levels of thymol and dimethyl anthranilate in tangerine juice flavored with mandarin oil to be 220 ppb of thymol and 782 ppb of dimethyl anthranilate based on a level of 0.012% oil in the juice. The level of dimethyl anthranilate present is about five times its taste threshold in tangerine juice, but the level of thymol is almost one seven-hundredth (1/700) its taste threshold in tangerine juice. Thus, dimethyl anthranilate is much more likely to... 

Table X. Contribution of thymol, dimethyl anthranilate, 3-pinene and y-terpinene to the aroma and taste of coldpressed tangerine and mandarin oils.

Table XI. Taste threshold values for thymol and dimethyl anthranilate in water and in tangerine juice.

Taste panel members felt that dimethyl anthranilate was definitely a flavor impact compound in mandarin oil. These studies suggest however, that a mixture of components including thymol, dimethyl anthranilate, and several monoterpene hydrocarbons in the proper proportions is necessary for acceptable flavor in mandarins. 

Methyl A-methyl anthranilate (Dimethyl anthranilate) 50% phototox. 

Dimethylamino-2-styrylethyl-quinolinium Iodide, 861 Dimethyl Anthranilate, 480, (Sl)70 Dimethyl Benzyl Carbinol, 480, 617 Dimethyl Benzyl Carbinyl Acetate, 480, 654... 

Glahn JF, Mason JR, Woods DR (1989) Dimethyl anthranilate as a bird repellent in livestock feed. Wildl SocBuU 17 313-320... 

DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE (FCC) see MGQ250 DLMETHYLARSENIC ACID see HKCOOO DIMETHYLARSIXAT SODNY see HKC500 DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID see HKCOOO... 

EDTA = ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid, NTA = nitrilotriacetic acid, DMA = dimethyl-anthranilic acid, PAS = p-aminosalicyclic acid. 

Dimethyl anisylidenemalonate. See Methyl 2-carbomethoxy-4 -methoxycinnamate Dimethyl anthranilate CAS 85-91-6 EINECS/ELINCS 201-642-6 FEMA 2718... 

Methyl 2-anthranilate. See Methyl anthranilate Methyl anthranilate hydroxycitronellal. See Hydroxycitronellal methyl anthranilate N-Methylanthranilic acid, methyl ester. See Dimethyl anthranilate... 

Methyl methylaminobenzoate Methyl 2-methylaminobenzoate Methyl N-methyl-2-aminobenzoate. See Dimethyl anthranilate Methyl N-((methylamino) carbonyl) oxy) ethanimido) thioate. See Methomyl 2-[N-Methyl-4-(methylamino)-3-nitroanilino] ethanol 2-[Methyl [4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenyl] aminoethanol. See N,N -Dimethyl-N-hydroxyethyl-3-nitro-p-phenylenediamine N-Methyl methyl anthranilate Methyl-N-methyl anthranilate. See Dimethyl anthranilate Methyl 4-methylbenzoate Methyl p-methylbenzoate. See Methyl p-toluate Methyl 2-methylbutanoate. See Methyl 2-methyl butyrate... 

MMA. See Methylamine, aqueous solutions Methylamine Dimethyl anthranilate Methyl methacrylate... 

Dihydromyrcenyl acetate Dihydrosafrole Dimethyl anthranilate 2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde 3,4-Dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octanol Dimethyloctanyl acetate p-a-Di methylstyrene 1,4-Dioxacyclohexadecane-5,16-dione Elecampane (Inula helenium) root oil Elemi gum Estragole Ethoxymethoxymethylphenol Ethyl acetoxyhexanoate Ethyl benzoate Ethyl methylphenylglycidate Ethyl phenylacetate Ethyl phenyl ketone Eucalyptol Farnesol... 

Dimethyl anthranilate Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate Ethyl anthranilate D-Phenylalanine DL-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalanine C9H11NO3... 

Field evaluation of dimethyl anthranilate as a bird repellent livestock feed additive, J. Wildl. Manage., in press. 

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