Dimensional velocity research

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The exponents in the isotropic turbulence model (equation 24) are very close to those found in the comprehensive work by Deckwer et al. (equation 23). The isotropic turbulence model is also attractive owing to dimensional consistency, since any set of consistent units can be used to correlate dispersion data. While the diameter dependence of the varous researchers is not too wide afield (ranging from d to d ), the dependence on gas velocity varies widely (ranging from u to u ). While a comprehensive theory is not yet avaiJIble, the e authors suspect mixing follows the flow regime according to... 

The earliest studies related to thermophysieal property variation in tube flow conducted by Deissler [51] and Oskay and Kakac [52], who studied the variation of viscosity with temperature in a tube in macroscale flow. The concept seems to be well-understood for the macroscale heat transfer problem, but how it affects microscale heat transfer is an ongoing research area. Experimental and numerical studies point out to the non-negligible effects of the variation of especially viscosity with temperature. For example, Nusselt numbers may differ up to 30% as a result of thermophysieal property variation in microchannels [53]. Variable property effects have been analyzed with the traditional no-slip/no-temperature jump boundary conditions in microchannels for three-dimensional thermally-developing flow [22] and two-dimensional simultaneously developing flow [23, 26], where the effect of viscous dissipation was neglected. Another study includes the viscous dissipation effect and suggests a correlation for the Nusselt number and the variation of properties [24]. In contrast to the abovementioned studies, the slip velocity boundary condition was considered only recently, where variable viscosity and viscous dissipation effects on pressure drop and the friction factor were analyzed in microchannels [25]. 

NMR imaging methods are noninvasive, can be used for nonconducting fluids, can give 3-dimensional distribution of solids, and can produce local velocity and concentration simultaneously (84). However, more research is needed to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions. Also, these methods are limited to pipes of small diameter. 

ABSTRACT In order to analyze the law of airflow catastrophic of side branches induced by gas pressure in upward ventilation after dynamic of outburst disappearing, one dimensional unsteady-state flow momentum equation of gas flow is established. Combined with circuit airflow pressure balance equation, this equation is used in static and dynamic analysis on airflow catastrophic of side branches induced by gas pressure in upward ventilation. The research results show that gas pressure is produced in upward ventilated roadway when gas flowed by when the gas pressure is great enough, the air flow in side branches reverses. Whether the air flow in side branches reverse is affected by their own length and initial velocity. In order to prevent the air flow reversal in the side branches, it is necessary keep the fan normal operating, and avoids adding resistance in external system. The research results may be of important theoretical and practical significance for outburst accident rescue as well as effective prevention of the occurrence of secondary accidents. 

Particle tracking algorithms have also been used successfully in measurements of two- and three-dimensional diffusion [9], slip velocity [10], and colloidal electrokinetics [11]. In the context of experimental fluid mechanics studies, researchers found that the Brownian, thermal motion of sub-micron-sized particles suspended in a fluid is significant and may mask the... 

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