Diluting acrylates

It should be noted that the absence of matrix effect when the monomer is only associated in the cyclodimeric form suggests that structure I is more stable than the association of the monomer with the polymer and that therefore long ordered structures of type III do not arise. In very dilute acrylic acid solutions in hydrocarbons or chlorinated compouds a matrix effect (autoacceleration) is again observed. This is believed to arise as a result of a structure III formed by the association of the polymer with "free" monomer (4). 

The concentration of acrylic acid by extraction with ethyl acetate is a rather different illustration of this technique. As shown in Figure 13.4, the dilute acrylic acid solution of concentration about 20 per cent is fed to the top of the extraction column 1, the ethyl acetate solvent being fed in at the base. The acetate containing the dissolved acrylic acid and water leaves from the top and is fed to the distillation column 2, where the acetate is removed as an azeotrope with water and the dry acrylic acid is recovered as product from the bottom. 

Method 3 Emulsifying prepolymer-ionomer in diluted acrylic/styrene dispersion... 

Table 8.2 Critical Surface Tension of Commonly Screened Substrates and Diluting Acrylates...

CHi=CMeCOOH. Colourless prisms m.p. 15-16 C, b.p. 160-5 C. Manufactured by treating propanone cyanohydrin with dilute sulphuric acid. Polymerizes when distilled or when heated with hydrochloric acid under pressure, see acrylic acid polymers. Used in the preparation of synthetic acrylate resins the methyl and ethyl esters form important glass-like polymers. 

Esterifica.tlon. The process flow sheet (Fig. 4) outlines the process and equipment of the esterification step in the manufacture of the lower acryflc esters (methyl, ethyl, or butyl). For typical art, see References 69—74. The part of the flow sheet containing the dotted lines is appropriate only for butyl acrylate, since the lower alcohols, methanol and ethanol, are removed in the wash column. Since the butanol is not removed by a water or dilute caustic wash, it is removed in the a2eotrope column as the butyl acrylate a2eotrope this material is recycled to the reactor. 

P. W. AHen, Technique of Polymers Characterisation, Butterworths, London, 1959 Dilute Solution Properties of Acrylic andMethacylic Polymers, SP-160, Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 

An extensive investigation of the dilute solution properties of several acrylate copolymers has been reported (80). The behavior is typical of flexible-backbone vinyl polymers. The length of the acrylate ester side chain has Httle effect on properties. 

Amine-containing cellulose esters, eg, the acetate A/A/-diethylaminoacetate (36) and propionate morpholinobutyrate (35), are of interest because of their unique solubiHty in dilute acid. Such esters are prepared by the addition of the appropriate amine to the cellulose acrylate crotonate esters or by replacement of the chlorine on cellulose acrylate chloroacetate esters with amines. This type of ester has been suggested for use in controlled release, mmen-protected feed supplements for mminants (36,37). 

Minimize stocks and segregate from other chemicals and work areas. Where appropriate, keep samples dilute or damp and avoid formation of large crystals when practicable. Add stabilizers if possible, e.g. to vinyl monomers. Store in specially-designed, well-labelled containers in No Smoking areas, preferably in several small containers rather than one large container. Where relevant, store in dark and under chilled conditions, except where this causes pure material to separate from stabilizer (e.g. acrylic acid). 

Acrylics are chemically resistant at room temperature to dilute acids, except hydrofluoric and hydrocyanic, all alkalis and mineral oils. They are attacked by chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, ethers and esters [60]. 

A total synthesis of (+/—)-gephyrotoxin started with the pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 161 which upon treatment with ethoxyacetylene magnesium chloride followed by dilute HCl gave the acrylate derivative 162. Subsequent reduction and treatment with phenoxyformyl chloride afforded 163. 

The effectiveness with which divalent ions cause gelation of poly(acrylic add) has been found to follow the order Ba > Sr > Ca (Wall Drenan, 1951) and this has been attributed to the formation of salt-like crosslinks. Gelation has been assumed to arise in part from dehydration of the ion-pairs (Ikegami Imai, 1962), and certainly correlates with predpitation in fairly dilute systems. Indeed, the term precipitation has sometimes been applied to the setting of AB cements derived from poly(acrylic add) as they undergo the transition from soft manipulable paste to hard brittle solid. 

An analytical solution for molecules with alkaline functionality is acid/base titration. In this technique, the polymer is dissolved, but not precipitated prior to analysis. In this way, the additive, even if polymer-bound, is still in solution and titratable. This principle has also been applied for the determination of 0.01 % stearic acid and sodium stearate in SBR solutions. The polymer was diluted with toluene/absolute ethanol mixed solvent and stearic acid was determined by titration with 0.1 M ethanolic NaOH solution to the m-cresol purple endpoint similarly, sodium stearate was titrated with 0.05 M ethanolic HC1 solution [83]. Also long-chain acid lubricants (e.g. stearic acid) in acrylic polyesters were quantitatively determined by titration of the extract. 

We have recently performed systematical measurements of the intrinsic viscosity of acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymers for large ranges of r and a, in the presence of CaCl2(26). Our results show that the empirical relation (14) can be extended to the case of divalent cations by using the value of 7 given in relation (15). It should then possible to predict the variation of intrinsic viscosity at infinite dilution, but at finite concentration the formation of aggregates makes difficult the determination of the Huggins constant. 

Fig. 67 Schematic of phase behaviour for blend of novolac epoxy resin with nearly symmetric poly(methyl acrylate-co-glycidylmelhacrylate)-0-polyisoprene. Ordered L can be swollen with up to about 30% of resin before macroscopic phase separation occurs, producing heterogeneous morphologies containing various amounts of L, C, worm-like micelles and pristine epoxy. At lower concentrations, disordered worm-like micelles transform into vesicles in dilute limit. According to [201]. Copyright 2003 Wiley...

It promotes adhesion of intaglio inks to the polypropylene surface. An acrylic based primer is a good choice because of its ability to effectively bond water-based inks. Dry powder form of acrylic primer is diluted with methyl ethyl ketone and xylene (each component is mixed in equal parts by weight). To create the opaque surface, 5wt% titanium dioxide pigment is added to the solution. 

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