Dikes

C4H6N2O2. Sublimes 260"C sparingly soluble in water hydrolysed by alkalis or mineral acids to glycylglycine. It and substituted dike-topiperazines are formed by the condensation of amino-acids, and are obtained in small quantities on the hydrolysis of proteins. 

LORUS is also used for inspection of piping that has been on supports or sleepers for some time, to see whether corrosion has developed at the contact points. But the technique can also be used for corrosion detection under insulation, inspection of pipelines at dike and road crossings, nozzle reinforcement pads or craek detection in suspension systems for railway cars. 

Sheet Mica. Pockets of mica crystals ranging in size from a few square centimeters to several square meters are found in pegmatite sills and dikes or granodiorite (alaskite) ore bodies. In order to be used industrially, manufacturers must be able to cut a 6 cm pattern in the mica. "Books" of mica, ranging from 12.9 to 645 cm or more, are cut from the crystals. The books can be punched into various shapes and spHt into thicknesses varying from 0.0031 to 0.010 cm (12). The highest quaUty micas maybe used in aerospace computers, and those of lower quaUty find use as insulators in electrical apphances. 

Phosphoms is stored and handled under a protective layer of water. Production quantities are transferred as a Hquid by either water displacement or pumps, with water recycle to maintain the water balance and cover. In earlier times, phosphoms was sometimes stored in underground tanks or pits, but as of the 1990s storage is limited to tanks located inside diked areas that are accessible on the outside for safety and leakage control. 

Uocation and adequay of drains, spills, basins, dikes, and sewers... 

Residue Disposal. The major environmental problem in the Bayer process is disposal of bauxite residue which is effected by marine disposal, lagooning, use of underdrain lakes, or semidry disposal. Marine disposal in oceans or rivers, diluting the alkaline residue by large quantities of water, is environmentally unacceptable. Lagooning behind retaining dikes built around clay-sealed ground is commonly used, but there have been isolated leaks into aquifers. This has motivated installation of underdrains between the residue and clay-sealed, plastic-lined, lake bottom. This design removes the hydraulic head from the lake bottom and improves consoHdation of the residue. 

Diked or Unitized Secondary Containment. Small tanks can have a secondary-containment dam built integrally into the tank. This is essentially within a steel box. These tanks may be either vertically or horizontally oriented in both cylindrical and rectangular shapes. The secondary-containment dikes may be open or closed. Closing the dikes makes access to the primary-containment tank more difficult, but keeps out rainwater. 

Spills and Disposal Procedures. If a spiU occurs outdoors, personnel should stay upwind of it. If the spiU is in a diked area it may be possible to recover much of the bromine, otherwise it should be absorbed with appropriate material. A water spray can be used to control bromine vapors and a mild ammonia atmosphere helps to neutralize bromine vapors. Small spills may be neutralized with lime water slurry or soda ash and flushed with large amounts of cold water. 

One useful classification of graphite depends on the mode of formation that leads to three physically distinct common varieties dake, lump, and amorphous. The term dake is self-explanatory dake forms occur disseminated in rock. Lump graphite occurs in fissure-filled veins in pegmatite dikes, also associated with chip and the rarer needle forms. Amorphous graphite occurs in beds that were once coal, but fine-grained, easily ground vein graphite is also classified as amorphous. 

Volume 1 of National Fire Codes (National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts) contains recommendations (Code 30) for venting, drainage, and dike construction of tanks for flammable liquids. 

Lagoons are, in effect, inexpensive reac tors. They are shallow basins either cut below grade or formed by dikes built above grade or a combination of a cut and dike. The bottom must be lined with an impermeable barrier and the sides protected from wind erosion. These systems are best used where large areas of inexpensive land are available. 

A small, deep diked area around a storage tank is safer than a large, shallow one, as the evaporation rate is lower and the area of any fire is smaller. 

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