Digital certificates

One of the key controls for audit trails is the linking of the electronic record with the audit trail. It must not be possible to modify audit trails access rights to audit trial information must be limited to print and/or read only. The combination of authentication, digital certificates, encryption and ACLs, provides the technical mechanisms needed to control the access to audit trail files. 

A Certificate Server is a repository for digital certificates. End applications that are PKI-enabled verify the validity and access privileges of a certificate by checking the certificate s profile status, which is protected in the repository. 

The Security Server provides services for managing users, digital certificate security policies, and trust relationships in a PKI environment. 

PKCS 1, 7, and 10 are used by the Windows 2000 Certificate Services. For example, PKCS 10 describes how to construct a certificate request message. After the Windows 2000 Certificate Services processes the request, the operating system will issue a x.509v3-compliant digital certificate that accepts or rejects the request. PKCS 10 may be used to implement access controls in networked and end applications. 

The Active Directory provides information from authoritative sources about people and resources (such as employees, partners, customers, servers, roles, directories, information, digital certificates, and so forth). It serves as the internal and external Certificate Distribution System. Active Directory is also the centralized management interface for digital certificate issuance. 

The KMS is the component of Microsoft Exchange that allows the archiving and retrieval of keys used to encrypt e-mail. Both Exchange Servers 5.5 and 2000 integrate with a Windows 2000 CA for the issuance of x.509v3-compliant digital certificates. 

Digital certificate A credential issued by a trusted authority. An entity can present a digital certificate to prove its identity or its right to access information. It links a public-key value to information that identifies the entity, associated with the use of the... 

It is important to note that Class II (C-II) controlled substances now can be ordered electronically Pharmacies must first enroll with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to acquire a digital certificate. The C-II orders are created using a computerized inventory system, electronically signed using a... 

More recent research and development efforts have resulted in a second kind of digital certificate, the attribute certificate [10] that can be used for supporting attribute-based access control systems. An attribute certificate has a structure similar to an identity certificate but contains attributes that specify access control information associated with the certificate holder (e.g., group membership, role, security clearance). Note that in principle these attributes can be placed in the extension fields of identity certificates [12]. However, this is not a viable solution for two main reasons. First, the certificate authorities who issue the identity certificates are not usually responsible for this kind of authorization information. As a result, certificate authorities must take additional steps to obtain access control information from the source. Second, the lifetime associated with attribute-based information is different from the lifetime associated with identity-based certificates. In an attribute... 

Additionally, all the content to which ownership has been transferred to a person, for example by purchase, also becomes personal content. For example, a digital certificate issued by a Certification Authority, and purchased by the person, becomes personal content as it contains a public key that is bound to the person s private key. 

Applying for an account involves information-sharing activities between the Transaction Partner and the FDA to set up transmission, receipt, and identification parameters. This ensures the correct identification of the Transaction Partner to the FDA. Digital certificate information is provided to the FDA as part of the application. 

Test Account Setup and Approval. The account application is reviewed by the FDA ESG Administrator. The Administrator verifies that a letter of nonrepudiation agreement is on file, that the digital certificate conforms to the X.509 version 3 standard, and that all data fields in the Issuer and Subject fields are completed (see Appendix A, Digital Certificates for more information). The Administrator will also communicate with the Transaction Partner to confirm the application information. If these conditions are met, a test account is set up, and connections to the FDA ESG test system are established before the submitting organization is approved as a Transaction Partner. 

Obtain Digital Certificate. A digital certificate must be obtained. 

Digital certificates ensure private and secure submission of electronic documents. The digital certificate binds together the owner s name and a pair of electronic keys (a public key and a private key) that can be used to encrypt and sign documents. 

Digital certificates can be obtained from either a public or a private Certificate Authority. It must be an X.509 version 3 certificate, and all data fields in the Issuer and Subject fields must be completed. See Appendix A, Digital Certificates for more information on digital certificates. 

This page is used to specify the location of the certificate file. Each submission must be accompanied by a certificate. The digital certificate must be an X.509 version 3 certificate. 

See Appendix A, Digital Certificates for more information about digital certificates. 

Provide the desired digital certificate file in the Certificate file field by entering the name of the certificate or browsing for one on your hard drive by clicking on the Browse. .. button. 

The digital certificate is attached to the order and provides the purchaser s name, registered location, DEA number, business activity, and authorized schedules. The supplier reports to the DEA the following information ... 

There are a number of circumstances that would require the revocation of a digital certificate. The Certification Authority would automatically revoke a certificate upon notice of the following ... 

If a DBA registration is revoked or terminated for any reason, all digital certificates linked to that registration would be revoked because the validity of the certificate is linked to the validity of the DBA registration. 

The digital certificate can be used for ordering which schedule controlled substances electronically ... 

D. Digital certificates for pharmacy registrants are renewed every year. 

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