Digestive system regulation

NT has been impHcated in neuroendocrine function, thermal and circadian regulation, cardiovascular and digestive system function, nociception, and in psychoses as a DA modulator. 

Explain how the following mechanisms regulate activity of the digestive system intrinsic nerve plexuses, extrinsic autonomic nerves, and gastrointestinal hormones... 

Methane is flammable and when mixed with air in proportions ranging from 5 to 15 percent by volume, is explosive. Safety regulations covering buildings, electrical and mechanical equipment installations should be strictly adhered to during the planning, construction and operation of an anaerobic digestion system. 

In terms of mineral content, potato is best known as an important source of dietary potassium, which plays a fundamental role in acid-base regulation and fluid balance and is required for optimal functioning of the heart, kidneys, muscles, nerves, and digestive systems. Health benefits of sufficient potassium intake include reduced risk of hypokalemia, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, stroke, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), kidney stones, and asthma. A high intake of potassium and low intake of sodium have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of stroke (Larsson et al., 2008 Swain et al., 2008). However, most American women 31-50 years old consume no more than half of the recommended amoimt of potassium and men s intake is only moderately higher (lOM, 2004). 

A different type of covalent regulation of enzyme activity is the enzyme-catalysed activation of inactive precursors of enzymes (zymogens) to give catalytically active forms. The best examples are the digestive enzymes, e.g. trypsin. Proteolytic enzymes would digest the inside of the cells that produce the enzyme, so they are produced in an inactive form which is activated to the true enzyme once they have entered the digestive system of the animal. 

While Western scientific study of meditation is limited and typically focuses on the mental and emotional benefits of relaxation, pain management, and stress reduction, meditation is integrally linked to the function of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates many organs and muscles in our bodies. It plays a role in how our heart beats, how we breathe and sweat, and how effectively our digestive system works. 

The nervous system is a complex part of the human body concerned with die regulation and coordination of body activities such as movement, digestion of food, sleep, and elimination of waste products. The nervous system has two main divisions the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Figure 22-1 illustrates the divisions of die nervous system. 

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