Digestion digestive juices

Enzymes may be described a organic catalysts of biological origin. The majority are obtained from the interior of cells, but some are obtained from natural secretions such as the digestive juices and milk. For a full discussion of the nature of enzymes and the mechanism of their reactions the student should consult a work such as Chemistry and Methods of Enzymes, by J. B. Sumner and G. F. Somers (Academic Press, New York), or Enzymes, by M. Dixon and E. C. Webb[(Longman Group Ltd.). The following points should however be noted ... 

Antisecretory. An agent that decreases the secretion of digestive juices in the stomach. 

Colas stimulate digestive juices, and carbonated water speeds the digestion, and this combination of effects, along with the stimulant action of the two alkaloids, can make a big difference to someone who is not feeling well. 

The transcellular fluid includes the viscous components of the peritoneum, pleural space, and pericardium, as well as the cerebrospinal fluid, joint space fluid, and the gastrointestinal (GI) digestive juices. Although the transcellular fluid normally accounts for about 1% of TBW, this amount can increase significantly during various illnesses favoring fluid collection in one of these spaces (e.g., pleural effusions or ascites in the peritoneum). The accumulation of fluid in the transcellular space is often referred to as third spacing. To review the calculations of the body fluid compartments in a representative patient, see Patient Encounter 1. 

Adsorbents (such as kaolin-pectin) are used for symptomatic relief (see Table 23-4). Adsorbents are nonspecific in their action they adsorb nutrients, toxins, drugs, and digestive juices. Co administration with other drugs reduces their bioavailability. 

Little information is available on the enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan. The kinetics of breakdown of xylan are reported.128 Hemicellulose from linden wood is said to be extensively hydrolyzed124 by the digestive juices of Helix pomatia. Xylanase128 of Aspergillus niger, while active on xylan between pH 2-8, has its optimum at pH 4.0. 

The most important digestive juice in the body comes from the pancreas gland and empties into the intestine a few inches beyond the pyloric end of the stomach. The bile, which is important both in digestion and absorption, empties into the duodenum at about the... 

Hydrochloric acid (HCL) is also known as hydrogen chloride, and in a less than pure form it is commonly called muriatic acid. It is used by many industries and is mainly obtained as a by-product of the organic chloride chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastics. It can be produced in pure form by exploding a mixture of hydrogen and chlorine gases. The stomachs digestive juice is a form of hydrochloric acid. 

In the area of a gastric or duodenal peptic ulcer, the mucosa has been attacked by digestive juices to such an extent as to expose the subjacent connective tissue layer (submucosa). This self-digestion occurs when the equilibrium between the corrosive hydrochloric acid and acid-neutralizing mucus, which forms a protective cover on the mucosal surface, is shifted in favor of hydrochloric acid. Mucosal damage can be promoted by Helicobacter pylori bacteria that colonize the gastric mucus. 

Anisotropine inhibits secretion of digestive juices and restores normal stomach function. It is used for treating stomach ulcers. A synonym of this drug is valpin. 

Therefore, it is very likely that contraction of nonvascular smooth muscle is an effect of activation of Hj receptors, while secretion of digestive juice and increased heart rate are connected to activation of H2 receptors and dilation of vessels and increased permeability of capillaries is a result of combined activation of both types of receptors. 

Gentian (Oentiono lutea) Uses t Appetite, treat digestive disorders such as colitis, IBS, flatulence Actions Chemical components stimulate digestive juices Available forms Liq extract 2-4g PO OD, tine 1-3 g PO OD, dried root 2-4 g PO OD Contra Do not use PRO, lactation, HTN Notes/SE N/V, HA Interactions t CNS sedation W/ barbiturates, benzodiaz ines, EtOH if extract/tinc contains alcohol -1- absorption OF Fe salts EMS many preps contain up to 60% EtOH... 

H2 Antagonists and the Treatment of Peptic Ulcers. Treatment of peptic ulcers is a complicated and multilevel therapy in which Hj antagonists are very successful and widely used (and abused). Peptic ulcers may affect either the stomach (gastric ulcers, less common overall but more common in people with iatrogenic [i.e., physician-induced] ulcers from the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) or the duodenum (duodenal ulcers). The lining of the stomach or duodenum is attacked by the digestive juices to such an extent that the protective mucous layer on the surface has... 

Drugs, which can be destroyed by digestive juices (i.e. insulin, penicillin G) or in liver (i.e. testosterone, nitroglycerine) can not be administered orally. 

Other compounds in the fresh leaves may act synergistically in creating the extraordinary and variable effects of this plant, perhaps by inhibiting the lytic action of an enzyme or ofthe digestive juices. 

Essential foe higher plants and rrrammak. NaCI electrolyte HCI in digestive juices impaired growth in infants has been linked to chloride deficiency. 

The enzymatic hydrolysis is the method of choice when undesired reactions are to be avoided. /Tglucosidases (or /J-glucuronidases) from Helix pomatia digestive juice are now commercially available. They usually show a good hydrolytic performance, even if sometimes need long time reactions (days). Other enzymes are reported to have been used to specifically hydrolize saccharidic bonds like hesperidinase, /J-xylosidase, j3-galactosidase, and mixed crude enzymes like cellulase. 

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