Differential interference contrast DIC

In video microscopy, for instance, background is normally subtracted using differential interference contrast (DIC) [18]. This technique, which requires a number of manipulations from the user, may now be automated using a new method called polarization-modulated (PMDIC) [19,20], It requires the introduction of a liquid crystal electro-optic modulator and of a software module to handle difference images. PMDIC has been shown to bring improvements in imaging moving cells, which show a low contrast, as well as thick tissue samples. 

FIGURE 2-11 Video-enhanced Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) images of gold-labeled p opioid GPCR on the surface of a GPCR-transfected fibroblast. The white trace is the trajectory of one particle over 2 minutes at 25frames/s. The black trace is the mean square displacement of the particle as a function of time. Reproduced from Figure 1 of [30], with permission. 

Contrast. See also Differential interference contrast (DIC) computer-assisted, 16 487 in microscopy, 16 474 techniques for improving, 16 474-487... 

Differential centrifugation, 5 531 Differential contacting, 10 760-762 Differential display, 13 354 Differential equations, 11 736 of motion, 11 738-739 Differential interference contrast (DIC), 16 480-483... 

Reflected light differential interference contrast (DIC), 16 482 Reflection correction algorithms, 24 456 Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), 24 74 Reflection indexing... 

Nomarski microscopy is an examination mode using differential interference contrast (DIC). The images that DIC produces are deceptively three-dimensional with apparent shadows and a relief-like appearance. Nomarski microscopy also uses polarized light with the polarizer and the analyzer arranged as in the polarized light mode. In addition, double quartz prisms ( Wollaston prisms or DIC prisms) are used to split polarized light and generate a phase difference. 

A EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 5-44 Live cells can be visualized by microscopy techniques that generate contrast by interference. These micrographs show live, cultured macrophage cells viewed by bright-field microscopy (/eft), phase-contrast microscopy middle), and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy righti. In a phase-contrast image, cells... 

Figure 6 (left), (a) Differential interference contrast (DIC) photomicrograph of a trigonal growth hillock on a 100 face of apatite from the Golconda Mine, Minas Gerais Brazil. The three vicinal faces of the hillock exhibit macrosteps. The horizontal steps run in the [001] direction. The three step orientations are parallel to the three dominant step orientations of the spiral in Figure 5. Image is approximately 666 pm across, (b) Schematic of the face symmetry with respect to the hillock in a. Steps on the basal vicinal face parallel [001]. Lines within each vicinal face represent the orientations of growth steps. Arrows indicate the directions of advancement of steps during growth. [Modified after Rakov an and Reeder (1994)].

To simultaneously examine epithelial closure and hemocyte recruitment Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy can be used, which will give a general wound outline. 

Microscope equipped with differential interference contrast (DIC) and/or fluorescence imaging capabilities. We use either a Nikon Eclipse TE300 inverted microscope equipped with epifluorescent illumination or a Fluoview FVIOOO FVIO-ASW confocal laser scanning microscope, both equipped with 20x and 60x objectives. 

Then, microscopic examinations follow optical research microscopes allow to determine the number, thickness, and color sequence of layers in paint fragments, and to recognize the textures as well as fundamental features of pigment and extender mixtures. Bright field and dark field illuminations, polarized light microscopy (incident and transmitted), particularly the differential interference contrast (DIC) procedure, and fluorescence microscopy are necessary for paint examinations (see Figure 3(A)-3(E)). 

Where the condenser has a range of front lenses and, particularly, if it has a range of differential interference contrast (DIC) prisms, check that the NA marked on the condenser lens and on the DIC adjustment collar matches that of the objective. 

Calculated hardness values are not affected to any significant degree by the presence of cracks. Large variations in hardness values may be caused by the presence of pores, inclusions of other ceramic phases, or by the crystallographic orientation. Indentations in transparent materials are difficult to measure. In these cases, it is advisable to apply a thin, highly reflective film of gold by means of sputtering or to use the differential interference contrast (DIC) method. 

Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast (DIC). In 1955 the physicist George Nomarski simplified the two-beam interference microscope in a way that it became available for routine microscopy [11 (Fig, 6), DIC uses modified Wollaston prisms (Fig. 6B). lying outside the focal... 

Fig. 4.4 Reflected light micrographs of polished longitudinal sections of a pol)oner extrudate show the flow pattern at low magnification (A). Differential interference contrast (DIC) of a similar specimen (B) shows this flow pattern in greater detail.

However, the most widely used type of interference microscopy is that giving Differential Interference Contrast (DIC), widely known as Nomarski contrast. 

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