Dietary considerations

Although /3-oxidation is universally important, there are some instances in which it cannot operate effectively. For example, branched-chain fatty acids with alkyl branches at odd-numbered carbons are not effective substrates for /3-oxidation. For such species, a-oxidation is a useful alternative. Consider phy-tol, a breakdown product of chlorophyll that occurs in the fat of ruminant animals such as sheep and cows and also in dairy products. Ruminants oxidize phytol to phytanic acid, and digestion of phytanic acid in dairy products is thus an important dietary consideration for humans. The methyl group at C-3 will block /3-oxidation, but, as shown in Figure 24.26, phytanic acid a-hydroxylase places an —OFI group at the a-carbon, and phytanic acid a-oxidase decar-boxylates it to yield pristanie add. The CoA ester of this metabolite can undergo /3-oxidation in the normal manner. The terminal product, isobutyryl-CoA, can be sent into the TCA cycle by conversion to succinyl-CoA. 

Folks D. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors reapprisal of dietary considerations. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1979 40 33-37. 

Vitamin B.. is a required cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which is involved in propionate catabolism in mammals. This fact and the differences observed in the precursors to propionate and methylraalonate among insect species (Table I) prompted an examination of a number of insects for vitamin Bj levels. The termite Z. angusticollis, which readily converts succinate to methylmalonate, has large amounts of vitamin B.., whereas the American cockroach has low levels and the housefly does not have detectable amounts of vitamin B1 (10). Thus, both dietary considerations and levels of vitamin may play a role in determining the precursors to propionyl and methylmalonyl derivatives in insects. 

In the first report of clinical zinc deficiency in humans (31, 32) the significant dietary consideration, not fully appreciated at that time, was that the village population subsisted primarily on unleavened whole wheat bread or bread and beans and very little animal protein was consumed by this population. 

Archaeologists are often interested in dietary considerations, but normally have only bone to represent the human organism, the soft tissues having decomposed Dietary reconstruction using... 

In addition to the signs and symptoms of an allergic response, you must also discuss side effects and toxic effects of the medication and any dietary considerations the patient must follow while on the medication. 

Educating the patient about medication is an important responsibility for the nurse. The nurse must explain why the medication is given and how the patient can self-medicate. The nurse must also make sure that the patient and the family know the signs and symptoms of adverse side effects from the medication as well as any toxic effects and dietary considerations to follow while taking the medication. 

McCabe B, Tsuang MT. Dietary consideration in MAO inhibitor regimens. J Clin Psychiatry (1982) 43, 178-81. 

Paralysis of both arms and both legs. It can be caused by disease—poliomyelitis, Landry s acute ascending paralysis (due to an acute infection of the spinal cord), diptheria, leprosy—or injury which severs the spinal cord at the fifth or sixth cervical vertebra. Quadriplegics require some special dietary considerations due to reduced activity and difficulties encountered in preparing and eating food. 

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