Diesel stabilization

HSD Stabilizer (Diesel Stabilizer) additive is a multicomponent, oil soluble formulation, specially designed to maintain the total sediments level in diesel fuel within the specified limits, as per ISO 1460 1995. The additive will ensure that the diesel does not deteriorate on storage and the fuel system is protected from deposit formation and corrosion. The additive consists of three major components, namely ... 

Hydrocracking makes very good quality diesel fuels concerning the cetane number, cold behavior, stability, and sulfur content. However this type of stock is only available in limited quantities since the process is still not widely used owing essentially to its high cost. 

The procedure most commonly employed (NF M 07-047 or ASTM D 2274) Is to age the diesel fuel for 16 hours while bubbling oxygen into it at 95°C. The gums and sediment obtained are recovered by filtration and weighed. There is no official French specification regarding oxidation stability however, in their own specifications, manufacturers have set a maximum value of 1.5 mg/100 ml. 

Applied to atmospheric residue, its purpose is to produce maximum diesel oil and gasoline cuts while meeting viscosity and thermal stability specifications for industrial fuels. 

Stability. Diesel fuel can undergo unwanted oxidation reactions leading to insoluble gums and also to highly colored by-products. Discoloration is beheved to be caused by oxidation of pyrroles, phenols, and thiophenols to form quiaoid stmctures (75). Eventually, these colored bodies may increase in molecular weight to form insoluble sludge. 

Detergent Additives. Diesel engine deposits ate most troublesome in the fuel dehvery system, ie, the fuel pump and both fuel side and combustion side of the injectors. Small clearances and high pressures mean that even small amounts of deposits have the potential to cause maldistribution and poor atomization in the combustion chamber. The same types of additives used in gasoline ate used in diesel fuel. Low molecular weight amines can also provide some corrosion inhibition as well as some color stabilization. Whereas detergents have been shown to be effective in certain tests, the benefit in widespread use is not fully agreed upon (77). 

Hydrofining is employed to desulfurize high sulfur diesel stocks, both virgin and cracked. The stability of cracked diesel stocks is also improved. In the diesel range, operating conditions become more severe. Compared to naphthas, temperatures are increased from the 550-600°F level to 700°F. 

Improving stability of microbial strains in organic solvents is another challenge for enabling commercialization of desulfurization processes for gasoline and diesel applications. This was a target for a project in Klibanov s group [231], whose approach... 

As for Ukraine, it has Renoks, an antidetonation modifier developed by Prof. Yu. Merezhko of the Ukrainian State University of Chemical Engineering in Dnepropetrovsk. It offers a 1.5 to 2-fold reduction in pollutant emissions and an 8 % cut in fuel consumption at the cost of 1.0 to 1.5 % of fuel price. Also available are Remol-2 and Remol-2A produced by Remol in Odessa. These oil additives can be recommended for both carburetor and diesel engines after 40,000 km run to recover and stabilize compression, save up to 8 % fuel, protect engine components and reduce hazardous substances in exhaust gases. 

There has been a recent revival in interest in the use of ethanol-diesel fuel blends (E-diesel) in heavy-duty vehicles as a means to reduce petroleum dependency, increase renewable fuels use, and reduce vehicle emissions [27]. E-diesel blends containing 10-15% ethanol could be prepared via the use of additives. However, several fuel properties that are essential to the proper operation of a diesel engine are affected by the addition of ethanol to diesel fuel - in particular, blend stability, viscosity and lubricity, energy content and cetane number (increasing concentrations of ethanol in diesel lower the cetane number proportionately) [28]. Materials compatibility and corrosiveness are also important factors that need to be considered. 

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