Yellow cross

Gelbkreuz-geschoss, n. (MU.) "yellow cross projectile or shdl. -kampfstoff, -stoff, m. yellow cross shell filling (mustard gas or other vesicant). 

Gelbkreuz (Yellow Cross—German WWI Shell) Sulfur Mustard, C03-A001... 

Gelbkreuz 1 (Yellow Cross 1—German WWI Shell) Bis(chloromethyl) Ether CIO-A... 

Yellow Branch Yellow Branch of Citrus Yellow Cross Liquid Yellow Fever Yellow Jack Yellow No. 2 Yellow Rain Yellow Rust Yellow Shoot of Citrus... 

Figure 3.20. The CIE color diagram for electroluminescent devices, consisting of anode/Spiro-TAD/Spiro-quaterphenyl Rubrene/Alq3/cathode with different concentrations of rubrene. The spectrum shifts from blue to yellow, crossing the white point (E).

Mustard gas (H)—also known as yellow cross, yperite, sulfur mustard, Schwefellost, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, and dichlor-diethylsulfide—is a chemical-warfare agent with both vesicant and systemic effects. H is colorless and almost odorless and is an oily liquid at 14-215°C with a molecular weight of 159.08. Except in extremely cold weather, the low vapor pressure (0.072 mm Hg at 20°C) and low volatility of H are sufficient to make contaminated surfaces a source of danger to anyone nearby. H is slightly soluble... 

Buscher, H. Green and Yellow Cross. Translated by N. Conway. Cincinnati University of Cincinnati, Kettering Laboratory of Applied Physiology. 1944. (originally published in German in 1932). 

The third group comprised the defensive gases or "yellow cross gases (Gelbkreuz). These gases attained their purpose by persistency and, therefore, contaminated an area for a protracted period thus making it uninhabitable. The prototype of this group is mustard gas... 

The purpose in using "green cross , "blue cross and/or "yellow cross ammunition was to cause temporary incompacitation of the enemy personnel, either immedy or within a short time Ref C.Wachtel,"Chemical Warfare , Chemical Publishing Co, Brooklyn,NY(1941),99... 

Benzene 60 yellow, dashes, blue points spots yellow crosses, edges of grains illuminated... 

Auld, S. (1918). Chapter IX Mustard or yellow cross gas. In Gas and Flame in Modem Warfare, pp. 169-84. George H. Doran Company, New York, NY. 

SYNS BIS(P-CHLOROETHYL)SULFIDE BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)SULPHIDE l-CHLORO-2-(p-CHLOROETHYLTHIO)ETHANE P.P-DICHLOR-ETHYDSULPHIDE D 2,2 -DICHLORODIETHYL SULFIDE DI-2-CHLOROETHYL SULFIDE D P,P -DICHLOROETHYL SULFIDE 2,2 -DICHLOROETHYL SULPHIDE (MAK) DISTILLED MUSTARD KAMPSTOFF LOST MUSTARD GAS MUSTARD HD MUSTARD VAPOR SCHWEFEL-LOST S-LOST S MUSTARD SULFUR MUSTARD SULFUR MUSTARD GAS SULPHUR MUSTARD GAS 1,1 -TH10BIS(2-CHLOROETHANE) YELLOW CROSS LIQUID YPERITE... 

Ger desgn for Mustard Gas and for some other CWA s (see Yellow Cross Ammunition in the text) gunfire... 

Yellow Cross Gases. This includes substances with a low vapour tension and high toxic and vesicatory power dichloroethyl sulphide (mustard gas), chlorovinyl dichloroarsine (lewisite), etc. 

But this wati more fortuitous than deliberate, and the line. of demarcation were not clear cut. Shell containing ethyldichlorarsine were at first marked as Yellow Cross 1, but were later chaiiged to Gre< n Cros,s 3, when it was found that thi.s gas wa. sufficiently no >er.si.stivu to Im it.se/1 on the offensive. 

While the vesicant agents, in addition to vesication, exert divers complex physiological effects, their physical, chemical, and toxic properties are such that they form a well-defined group with many characteris-(ics in common, and for this reason they were grouped by the Germun> iind< r the general name of Yellow Cross substances. 

In searching for a more effective combat gas, therefore, the Germans hod available many data in the literature concerning mustard and had quantity production and test it in the field. This they did quite secretly in the spring of 1917 and were so ivelt satisfied with the rcsult.s obtained that they adopted it as an artillery-shell filling and jiecumulat< d a large quantity of these (Yellow Cross) shell before the Allies were aware of this development. 

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