Anthracene dibenzo

Since the appearance of the theoretical consideration that the formation of tetrahedrane from two acetylenes would be a photochemically allowed process, a number of papers dealing with attempted syntheses of tetrahedranes have been published. It was reported that 2,2 -bis(phenylethynyl)biphenyl (26) was transformed thermally and photochemically into an isomeric hydrocarbon, for which a tetrahedrane (27) or a cyclobutadiene (28) structure would be possible . Actually, the structure of the hydrocarbon was confirmed to be 9-phenyl-l,2 3,4-dibenzo-anthracene (29) derived from transannular bond formation . ... 

The dependence of NMR patterns upon states of solvation should not be overlooked. This aspect of polyanion chemistry has been discussed (Sect. 4). The influence of the counter cation upon the dianion though unaccounted for by simple calculations is supposed to vary from system to system. The different topologies of the anions and different modes of delocalization may be responsible for the deviations from a linear dependence of the correlation. From Table 9 one can arrive at conclusions on the relative antiaromaticity of the various anions. For example, benzanthracene dianion 49 ) is less antiaromatic than chrysene dianion (542 ), and dibenzo-anthracene dianion (J/2-) is more antiaromatic than the pentacene dianion (472 ). It is also proposed that H NMR paratropic shifts may be used to calibrate the LUMO-HOMO energy gap. 

Oxa-1.8-dithia-4.5.9-triaza-1.4.6.8.9.10-hexahydro-2.3 6.7-dibenzo-anthracen, DibenzUiiazozazin 87 1 602. 

The oxoaporphine alkaloids Teliglazine (126), Corunnine (127), Nandazurine (128), PO-3 (129), A-Methylliriodendronine (130), and A,(9-Dimethylliriodendronine (131) contain the 6-methyl-7-oxo-dibenzo [Je,g]quinolinium-l-olate ring system 125 which is isoconjugate with the l-methyl-7-methylene-7H-benzo[Je]anthracene anion (Scheme 46). Therefore, these alkaloids belong to class 1, i.e., heterocyclic mesomeric betaines isoconjugate with odd alternant hydrocarbon anions. Another... 

Jeweils zwei Produkte werden bei der Elcktrolyse mit 1, ty-Dihalogenidcn isoliert mit 1,2-Dichlor-athan erhalt man aus Anthracen 9-(2-Chlor-athyl)-9,10-dihydro-anthracen (I) und Dibenzo-bicyclo[2.2.2]octadien (II)1 ... 

Carbazole, A-methylcarbazole, IV-ethylcarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, fluorene, dibenzo-p-dioxin, phenoxathiin, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, xanthene, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene could be transformed by E. coli, [314] which was transformed using a plasmid bearing the carAa, Ac, and Ad genes, and expressing only the carA-encoded proteins. Further work is needed to develop a final biocatalyst and to prove the advantages that this degradative pathway would incorporate in a refining bioprocess. 

Methods for the synthesis of the biologically active dihydrodiol and diol epoxide metabolites of both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are reviewed. Four general synthetic routes to the trans-dihydrodiol precursors of the bay region anti and syn diol epoxide derivatives have been developed. Syntheses of the oxidized metabolites of the following hydrocarbons via these methods are described benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo-(e)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, triphenylene, phen-anthrene, anthracene, chrysene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, dibenzo(a,i)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)pyrene, 7-methyl-benz(a)anthracene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, 5-methylchrysene, fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, benzo(k)-fluoranthene, and dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene. 

This list includes BP, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-methylchol-anthrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]pyrene. These PAH can be activated both by one-electron oxidation and/or monooxygenation. There are a few PAH with low IP which are inactive (Table I), such as perylene, or weakly active, such as anthanthrene. This indicates that low IP is a necessary, but not sufficient factor for determining carcinogenic activity by one-electron oxidation. These inactive or weakly active PAH have the highest density of positive charge delocalized over several aromatic carbon atoms in their radical cations, whereas the active PAH with low IP have charge mainly localized on one or a few carbon atoms in their radical cations. 

Figure 5.12 Polyaromatic hydrocarbon species (1) phenanthrene, (2) anthracene, (3) pyrene, (4) benz[o]anthracene, (5) chrysene, (6) naphthacene, (7) benzo[c]phenanthrene, (8) benzo[ghi] fluoranthene, (9) dibenzo[c,g]phenanthrene, (10) benzo[g/ ]perylene, (11) triphenylene, (12) o-terphenyl, (13) m-terphenyl, (14) p-terphenyl, (15) benzo[o]pyrene, (16) tetrabenzonaphthalene, (17) phenanthro[3,4-c]phenanthrene, (18) coronene...

To evaluate the potential risk of Ebro river sediments, the concentrations detected were compared to actual legislation. The WFD does not specifically address sediment management [95]. In contrast to this, the Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life [96] provide data for different types of sediments and include 33 compounds, PAHs and DDTs among them. All the PAHs included in the Canadian guidelines are present above the limit, ranging from 3% of the samples for naphthalene to 90% for dibenzo(a,h)anthracene. Special attention has to be paid to benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, considered... 

Finally, three additional individual data matrices were obtained for soil (so1 so2, and so3), in this case with the same number of samples (rows) for each of them. A new soil data matrix (SO) was obtained after individual matrix concatenation containing 36 samples in total (12 samples analyzed in 3 sampling campaigns) (see Fig. 7). Fifteen variables (all of them detected in SE as well) were measured in every sample PAHs (acenaphtylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno (l,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene), an organophosphate compound (tributylphosphate), and an OC (4,4 -DDE). 

Fig. 10 Composition and spatial distribution of the main patterns of contamination identified in sediment of the Ebro River basin from year 2004 to 2006. Different temporal distribution of the PAHs pattern of contamination over the territory and constant distribution in time of the APs and heavier PAHs as well as the OCs pattern. Big circles representing higher levels of pattern contribution than small circles. Variables identification 1, naphthalene 2, acenaphtylene 3, acenapthene 4, fluorene 5, phenanthrene 6, anthracene 7, fluoranthene 8, pyrene 9, benzo(a) anthracene 10, chrysene 11, benzo(b)fluoranthene 12, benzo(k)fluoranthene 13, benzo(a)pyr-ene 14, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 15, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 16, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 17, octyl-phenol 18, nonylphenol 19, tributylphosphate 20, a-HCH 21, HCB 22,2,4-DDE 23,4,4-DDE 24, 2,4-DDD 25, 4,4-DDD 26, 2,4-DDT 27, 4,4-DDT...

Fig. 11 Composition of the identified patterns of contamination (loadings) in sediment and soil of the Ebro River basin and patterns contribution to the analyzed samples (scores) in fall from year 2004 to 2006. Samples ordered for both compartments from first to third sampling campaigns and, for each campaign, from NW to SE. Variables identification 1, acenaphtylene 2, phenanthrene 3, anthracene 4, fluoranthene 5, pyrene 6, benzo(a)anthracene 7, chrysene 8, benzo(b)fluor-anthene 9, benzo(k)fluoranthene 10, benzo(a)pyrene 11, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 12, dibenzo (a.h)anthracene 13, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 14, tributylphosphate 15, 4,4-DDE...

XVII. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene XVIII. Coronene XIX. Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene... 

Fig. 5a-c. A typical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a atmospheric fallout sample, Alexandria City - Egypt b bottom incineration ash leachate of municipal solid waste - USA c hydrothermal petroleum, Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific Ocean. PAH Compound identifications N = naphthalene, MN = methylnaphthalene, DMN = dimethylnaphthalenes, P = phenanthrene, MP = methylphenanthrene, Fl = fluoranthene, Py = pyrene, BaAN = benzol anthracene, DH-Py = dihydropyrene, 2,3-BF = 2,3-benzofluorene, BFL = benzo[fc,/c]fluoranthene, BeP = benzo[e]pyrene, BaP = benzo[a]pyrene, Per = perylene, Cx-228 = methyl-228 series, Indeno = indeno[ l,2,3-c,d]pyrene, DBAN = dibenz[a,/z]anthracene, BPer = benzo[g,/z,z] perylene, AAN = anthanthrene, DBTH = dibenzothiophene, Cor = coronene, DBP = dibenzo [a,e]pyrene, DBPer = dibenzo [g,h,i] perylene... 

A gas chromatography-flame ionization detector system can be nsed for the separation and detection of nonpolar organic componnds. Semivolatile constitnents are among the analytes that can readily be resolved and detected nsing the system. If a packed column is used, four pairs of compounds may not be resolved adequately and are reported as a quantitative sum anthracene and phenanthrene, chrysene and benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[/ ]fluoranthene and benzo[/ ]fluoranthene, and dibenzo[a,/i]anthracene and indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene. This issue can be resolved through the use of a capillary column in place of a packed column. 

Benzyl butyl phthalate Benzo [ 6] fluoranthene Benzo [A] fluoranthene Benzol a] pyrene Benzo lei pyrene Tri-o-cresyl phosphate Strychnine Benzo ghi pery lene Indenoll,2,3-crfl pyrene Dibenzo la, A1 anthracene Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Di-n-octyl phthalate Ammonia... 

Diazo fast orange GR, see 2-Nitroaniline Diazo fast orange R, see 3-Nitroaniline Diazo fast red GG, see 4-Nitroaniline 1,2 5,6-Dibenzanthracene, see Dibenz[a,/ ]anthracene l,2 5,6-Dibenz[a,/ ]anthracene, see Dibenz[a,/ ]anthracene l,2 5,6-Dibenzoanthracene, see Dibenz[a,/ ]anthracene Dibenzo[a,/ ]anthracene, see Dibenz[a,/ ]anthracene Dibenzo[6j A ]fluorene, see Benzo[k] fluoranthene Dibenzo[6,d furan, see Dibenzofuran... 

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