Dialyzer during hemodialysis with

Schaefer RM, Fink E, Schaefer L, Barkhausen R, Kulzer P, Heidland A. Role of bradykinin in anaphylactoid reactions during hemodialysis with AN69 dialyzers. Am J Nephrol 1993 13 473-7. 

Pressure Control of the Ultrafiltration Rate During Hemodialysis with High-Flux Dialyzers and the Time Dependence of Membrane Transport Parameters... 

The results of this investigation which are clinically significant are 1) an accurate and simple means for controlling ultrafiltration during hemodialysis with "high flux" dialyzers has been developed, and 2) a formula which can accurately predict the ultrafiltration rate from measurement of hydrostatic pressures alone has been determined. It is now possible for any hemodialysis clinic to benefit from the use of high flux dialyzers by implementing the pressure control of ultrafiltration as described here. 

In Curacao, the major island of the Netherlands Antilles with a population of 130,000 inhabitants, distilled seawater from the water plant was used without further purification for hemodialysis for several decades. Unfortunately, two months before the planned installation of a water treatment system including a reversed osmosis (RO) in the dialysis center Diatel, a new distribution pipe supplying water to a dialysis center on the island was installed in 1996. To protect it from corrosion, this pipe was lined on the inside with a cement mortar. Because of the aggressiveness of the distilled water, calcium and Al leached from the cement mortar into the water used to prepare dialysate. At the time of replacement of the new conduit pipe, 29 patients were dialyzed in the dialysis unit. Patients were dialyzed three times per week during 3.5 to 4.5 hours using hollow fiber kidneys (Fresenius, F6 and F8). Untreated tap... 

In contrast with intermittent hemodialysis in which dialyzer blood flow is rate limiting/ diffusive drug clearance during continuous renal replacement therapy is limited by dialysate flow (Qd)/ which typically is only 25 mL/min. Accordingly/ diffusive drug clearance (CLd) is calculated from the equation ... 

Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are commonly observed phenomena during extracorporeal blood circulation and are considered to be the most sensitive markers of hemocompatibUity. The graphs of WBC and platelet counts in the above canine experiments showed a characteristic reduction (by 13 and 27%, respectively) at 15—30 min. To generate data for comparison, the same canines were also subjected to 5 h of hemodialysis under identical conditions with a modified cellulose dialyzer. In both the... 

Membranes have been used in clinics for therapeutic purposes since 1943, when Kolff successfully treated a uremic patient with his rotating dmm membrane dialyzer (Kolff and Berk, 1943). Nowadays, hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, therapeutic apheresis, and gas exchange during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery have become clinically established treatments. In the following, feamres and therapeutic objectives of these treatments are briefly presented. 

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