Dialysis ethylene glycol

For patients who have ingested more than 30 ml of (pure) methanol or ethylene glycol, dialysis is recommended, and haemodialysis is more effective than peritoneal dialysis. Dialysis both removes the alcohols and their metabolites, and corrects the renal and metabolic disturbances and so is the preferred treatment in severe poisoning. The maintenance dose of ethanol required may be tripled during haemodialysis as ethanol is also removed. Early treatment is indicated if ethylene glycol concentrations are above 20 mg/100 ml (200 mg/1), if the arterial pH is below 7.3, if serum bicarbonate concentrations are less than 20 mM/1, and when there are oxalate crystals in the urine. 

Quenching of the oxidative reaction was completed by the use of ethylene glycol ( ), along with sample filtering, retentate washing and dialysis. 

Hemodialysis is more efficient than peritoneal dialysis and has been well studied. It assists in correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance and may also enhance removal of toxic metabolites (eg, formate in methanol poisoning, oxalate and glycolate in ethylene glycol poisoning). The efficiency of both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis is a function of the molecular weight, water solubility, protein binding, endogenous clearance, and distribution in the body of the specific toxin. 

The presence of the term y) makes the permeability coefficient a function of the solvent used as the liquid phase. Some experimental data illustrating this effect are shown in Figure 2.7 [11], which is a plot of the product of the progesterone flux and the membrane thickness, 7, against the concentration difference across the membrane, (cio — cif ). From Equation (2.28), the slope of this line is the permeability, P]. Three sets of dialysis permeation experiments are reported, in which the solvent used to dissolve the progesterone is water, silicone oil and poly(ethylene glycol) MW 600 (PEG 600), respectively. The permeability calculated from these plots varies from 9.5 x 10 7 cm2/s for water to 6.5 x 10 10 cm2/s for PEG 600. This difference reflects the activity term yj/ in Equation (2.28). However, when the driving force across the membrane is... 

Rydel JJ, Carlson A, Sharma J, Larkin J. An approach to dialysis for ethylene glycol intoxication. Vet Hum Toxicol 2002 44(l) 36-9. 

The ingestions for which conventional hemodialysis is most frequently employed are the toxic alcohols (methanol and ethylene glycol), lithium, and salicylates [26] (see section 9). As previously described, effective use of HD in the treatment of poisoning first requires assessment of the patient. In cases where poisoning is strongly suspected, early initiation of dialysis prior to exact knowledge as to the specific poison or the serum concentration may be prudent. 

Vale JA, Prior JG, O Hare JP, et al. Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with peritoneal dialysis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 284 557... 

Consumption of small amounts of antifreeze can be deadly. Poisonous constituents are typically ethylene glycol and methanol. There is no home treatment aside from standard first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for signs of shock or cardiac arrest. Gastric treatment and dialysis may be immediately necessary for survival depending on the dose, and long-term kidney and brain damage are possible. 

CA films by using the phase inversion process. These CA films were cast from solvent/nonsolvent solutions to yield size exclusion membranes consisting of a thin permselective outer layer and a more porous sublayer. These membranes permitted the rapid permeation of a 1500-dalton poly (ethylene glycol) ester of ferrocene however the reproducibility of results presents a problem with these CA mem-branes. Christie et demonstrated that thin films of plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC), normally used for potentiometric ion-selective electrode applications, applied to electrodes over a polycarbonate dialysis membrane offered improved selectivity ratios for the amperometric detection of phenolic compounds and H2O2 in the presence of the common biological interferents, ascorbic acid and uric acid, over those observed at the dialysis membrane alone or at a composite dialysis/membrane. 

X 10 cm) of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and the column was eluted with a 300 ml linear gradient (0-0.4 M) of KCl. The active solution was concentrated in dialysis tubing with poly(ethylene glycol) 20,000 powder for 12 hr and subjected to a Sephadex G-15 column (1.1 x 15 cm) to remove KCl. Enzyme fractions were chromatographed on a hydroxyapatite column (1.6 x 10 cm) equilibrated with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.8, and eluted with a 160 ml linear gradient (lO-rlOO mM) of the above phosphate buffer. The purified enzyme was collected and dialyzed for 5 hr against Tris-HCl buffer, pH. 8.3. 

Permeabilization of polymer membranes is increased by ethanol or mixtures of specific organic solvents. For example, a small amount (< 0.5% v/v) of ethanol [92] or mixtures of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (1 1 v/v) [90] in the system has no influence on the membrane permeability of PMOXA-fc-PDMS-fc-PMOXA copolymers, and therefore much higher amounts of solvents are necessary to destabilize the membrane. However, this permeabilization method is not appropriate when bioapplications are intended. Likewise, a copolymer membrane based on poly(ethylene glycol)-fcZock-poly(D,L-laetic-5to/-glycolic acid) (PEG-fc-PLGA), which exhibits 18-fold less permeability to protons than a liposome membrane (based on a mixture of soybean phospholipids and cholesterol) was rendered more permeable for proton diffiision when increasing amounts of 1,4-dioxane (5-20%) were added (Fig. 11.7) [93]. Upon removal of the 1,4-dioxane by dialysis, the proton diffusion returned to... 

---