Diagram for Sodium Fig

Metier Diagram for Sodium Drawn from the Vargaftik et al. values in Ohse, R. W Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Froperties of Alkali Metals Blackwel Set Pubs. Oxford, UK, 1985. These values are identical with those of Vargaftik, N. B Handbook of Thermophysical Properties of Gases and Liquids, Moscow, 197 and the Hemisphere translation, p. 19. An apparent discontinuity exists between the superheat values and the saturation values not reproduced here. For a Mol her diagram in f.p.s. units from 0.1 to 150 psia, 1500 to 2700°R, see Fig. 3-36, p. 3-232 of the 6th edition of this handbook. An extensive review oi properties of the solid and the saturated liquid was given by Alcock, C. B., Chase, M. W et al., /. Phys. Chem. Ref Data, 23(3), 385-497, 

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Fig. 1. Binary soap—water phase diagram for sodium palmitate (4). Courtesy of Academic Press, Ltd.

Fig. 2.20. Section of the hyperfine resolved level diagram for sodium.

Fig. 7-6. Variation of particle size with relative humidity (Kohler diagram) for sodium chloride particles having different dry radii. Deliquescence occurs at 75% r.h. Note the hysteresis effect when the humidity is raised or lowered beyond the critical value. Curves for relative humidities greater than 75% were calculated. The scale above 100% is expanded. The experimental points refer to observations of Tang et al. (1977) on submicrometer-sized monodis-perse sodium chloride particles.

The phase behaviour of soaps is complex but it is the application of the understanding of these relationships probably more than any other single factor that has allowed soap manufacturing to develop from an art to a science (McBain etaly 1938 McBain and Lee, 1943 Void, 1940, 1941 Maclennan, 1923). The binary phase diagram for sodium myristate-water is shown in Fig. 8.13. 

Fig. 5.15. Energy level diagram for sodium with approximate binding energies for the core levels...

Fig. 10. P-T phase diagram for sodium. Solid line is the experimental melting curve, and solid circles are the calculated equilibrium melting points. Solid squares are the MD results at the fixed volume of 256 a /atom dynamic melting takes place between the highest point on the solid branch (385 K) and the lowest point on the fluid branch (396 K). 

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for the commercial production of potassium from sodium and potassium chloride. EM = electromagnetic.

Fig. 2. Flow diagram for the production of sodium chromate, sodium dichromate, and chromic acid flake and crystals.

FIG. 2-29 Enthalpy-concentration diagram for aqueous sodium hydroxide at 1 atm. Reference states enthalpy of liquid water at 32 F and vapor pressure is zero partial molal enthalpy of infinitely dilute NaOH solution at 64 F and 1 atm is zero. [McCahe, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 31, 129(1935).]... 

FIG. 8.7 Ternary phase diagram for water (W), hexanoic acid (A), sodium dodecyl sulfate (S) at 25°C. See text for a description of the various regions. (Redrawn, with permission, from A. S. C. Lawrence, Chem. Ind., 44, 1764 (1961).)... 

Numerous studies have been made into the phase equilibria in the Na20-B203-H20 system at 0-100°C (e.g., 135, 216, 217, 308), and more recently at 150° (96). A partial phase diagram for this system covering the range of mole ratio Na20/B203 to 0.5 in solution is shown in Fig. 6. Over 25 borates of sodium in the absence of other cations have been identified (307). 

The solubility diagrams of several species are shown in Fig. 2, and these illustrate the importance of solubility behavior in the selection of the mode of crystallization. For example, consider the differences between potassium nitrate and sodium chloride The solubility of potassium nitrate is strongly influenced by the system temperature, whereas the opposite is true for sodium chloride. As a consequence, (1) a high yield of potassium nitrate crystals can be obtained by cooling a saturated feed solution,... 

The technological diagram of the production of polyironphenylsiloxane varnish is similar to the diagram given in Fig. 79. The difference in the production of polyironphenylsiloxane is that during the exchange destruction sodium dihydroxyphenylsilanolate, which is synthesised in apparatus 8, receives from batch box 13 at 30-40 °C for 1-2 hours a pre-prepared ethanol-toluene solution of anhydrous ferric iron chloride. After the salt has been introduced, the reactive mixture is agitated at 30-40 °C for 2 hours and settled for 1-2 hours. The obtained solution of polyironphenylsiloxane is sampled to determine free alkali content, which is neutralised with 20% ethanol-toluene solution of anhydrous ferric iron. 

Fig. 2.1 shows the phase diagram. For clarity, the polymorphism of C3S and the distinction between a - and a L-C2S are omitted. Calcium oxide (CaO) has the sodium chloride structure, in which all ions are octahedrally coordinated the unit cell is cubic, with a = 0.48105 nm, space group Fm3m, Z = 4, = 3345 kgm (S5). The refractive index is 1.837 (W3). 

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