Diabetes Glucosuria

A term which implies the excretion of glucose (sugar) in the urine while blood glucose remains within the limits of normal concentrations. It is caused by a disorder in kidney (renal) function and is sometimes called renal diabetes. Glucosuria or the excretion of sugar in the urine is often, but not always, associated with diabetes mellitus. However, in diabetes mellitus the blood sugar is elevated far beyond normal concentrations. 

Clinical inosituria was first observed in 1858, shortly after myo-inositol had been discovered.107 It is a usual concomitant of diabetes mellitus and an extended debate has been waged as to whether inosituria is associated with the glucosuria (D-glucose excretion), characteristic of this disease or with the polyuria (excessive urine volume). The debate was apparently resolved in favor of the former hypothesis by the results of careful studies by Daughaday and coworkers.108 These workers found that, in both humans and rats, the reabsorption of myo-inositol in the kidney is inhibited by high loads of D-glucose. 

Glucose Unabsorbed glucose appears in the urine (=glucosuria), associated with diabetes mellitus Re-absorbed, almost 100% via Na -glucose transporters (apical) and GLUT (basolateral) ... 

Excessive vomiting diarrhea, or gastric suctioning Increased insensible losses (e.g., fever, burns) Diabetes insipidus High-serum glucose (glucosuria)... 

Glucocorticoids have an anti-insulin effect and aggravate the pathologic consequences of diabetes mellitus. They increase gluconeogenesis, inhibit the peripheral utilization of glucose, and cause hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Cortisol s effect, for example, is opposite to that of insulin s. 

Lepidine Lepidium ruderale L/Cruciferae Aerial parts Lepidine had showed hypoglycemic effects in mice and rabbits in alloxan induced mild chronic diabetes and in adrenalin induced hyperglycemic rats [12-15], However, lepidine failed to affect carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-insufficient diabetic rats made by surgical pancreatectomy. Furthermore, this compound decreased glucosuria, polydipsia and increased glycogen in liver in alloxan induced mild chronic diabetics [16],... 

Streptozotocin and alloxan are well-known diabetogenic agents which produce hyperglycaemia, glucosuria, increased food and water consumption and depressed growth in rats and mice [426]. Injection of streptozotocin is known to cause a time-related increase in renal cortex levels of metallothionein-bond-ed copper [427-430]. This increase has been suggested to be due to increased absorption [430] resulting in nephropathy associated with chronic diabetes, however, there was no evidence for either an increase in absorption or nephropathy in these animals and the possibility that this accumulation of copper in the kidney was due to a copper conservation role of the kidney was not excluded. 

Glucose (in large amounts) Glucosuria Diabetes meUitus, renal diabetes, alimentary glycosuria... 

The mechanism of action of insulin is discussed below. Insulin deficiency interferes with the adequate utilization of glucose. The sugar accumulates in the blood, and hyperglycemia, glucosuria, dehydration, increased diuresis, loss of electrolytes, and polydypsia ensue. By a mechanism that may or may not be related to the primary defect in carbohydrate metabolism observed in diabetes, fatty acid metabolism is also affected. A critical phenomenon is the accumulation of 2-carbon compounds that condense to form 4-car-bon compounds, generating ketosis and acidosis. These symptoms will now be reviewed individually. 

Excessive heat Diabetes insipidus Glucosuria (osmotic diuresis) Diarrhea... 

Lenner, R. A., 1976, Studies of glycemia and glucosuria in diabetics after breakfast meals of different composition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 29 716. 

Glucose (in Glucosuria Diabetes mellitus, renal diabetes, alimentary... 

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