Dextran gene delivery

Onishi Y, Eshita Y, Murashita A et al (2005) Synthesis and characterization of 2-diethyl-aminoethyl-dextran-methyl methacrylate graft copolymer for nonviral gene delivery vector. J Appl Polym Sci 98 9-14... 

Azzam T, Eliyahu H, Makocitzki A et al (2003) Dextran-spermine conjugate an efficient vector for gene delivery. Macromol Symp 195 247-261... 

P. Wich, J. Frechet, Degradable dextran particles for gene delivery applications, Aust. J. Chem. 65 (2012) 15. 

J. Cohen, T. Beaudette, J. Cohen, K. Broaders, E. Bachelder, J. Frechet, Acetal-modified dextran microparticles with controlled degradation kinetics and surface functionality for gene delivery in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, Adv. Mater. 22 (2010) 3593-3597. 

PEG, dextran, silica, gelatin, etc., and non-biodegradable polymers, such as PMMA, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, poly cyanoacrylate, polyphosphazene derivatives, etc., are being explored in the field of drug and gene delivery (Park et al., 2009). 

The most commonly used cationic polysaccharides in gene delivery, such as chitosan, CD, dextran, carbohydrate copolymers, etc., are discussed exhaustively in this section. The chemical structures of the listed pol3miers are given in Figure 9.2. 

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) modified with dextran and protamine were also reported for gene delivery. In this system, dextran-protamine-DNA complexes were electrostatically adsorbed on the SEN surface. The particles displayed significant transgene expression in vivo following ocular administration in rats and intravenous injection in mice. ... 

Dextran can be modified easily and cationic derivatives are obtained by reaction with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) reagents or spermine. DEAE-dextran is one of the pioneer cationic polymers for gene delivery. However, PLL and other synthetic polymers have replaced dextran these days because of low transfection efficiency and toxicity problems of DEAE-dextran. Spermine-dextran (MW 9000-11 000 g mol ) is used as an siRNA delivery agent to cancer cells, with low toxicity and high loading capacity on HeLa-Zwc cells, and was proved to be a safe and effective acid-sensitive carrier for gene delivery by Cohen et al. Researchers showed that cationic dextran derivatives (MW 70 kDa) have also reverse tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization, promote IL-12 expression in tumor TAMs and thereby enhance the tumoricidal capacity of TAMs. ... 

The subject of this review is complexes of DNA with synthetic cationic polymers and their application in gene delivery [1 ]. Linear, graft, and comb polymers (flexible, i.e., non-conjugated polymers) are its focus. This review is not meant to be exhaustive but to give representative examples of the various types (chemical structure, architecture, etc.) of synthetic cationic polymers or polyampholytes that can be used to complex DNA. Other interesting synthetic architectures such dendrimers [5-7], dendritic structures/polymers [8, 9], and hyperbranched polymers [10-12] will not be addressed because there are numerous recent valuable reports about their complexes with DNA. Natural or partially synthetic polymers such as polysaccharides (chitosan [13], dextran [14,15], etc.) and peptides [16, 17] for DNA complexation or delivery will not be mentioned. 

Dextran Natural Gene Delivery, Grafts, Nanoparticles, Microsphere PEG-D-SPM/pDNA complex... 

Nonviral gene transfer systems are based on a variety of technologies that employ physical/chemical means to deliver genes [6], These technologies include direct plasmid injection, bombardment with DNA coated microprojectiles, and DNA complexed with liposomes or polymers. Some nonviral transfection techniques are too inefficient (e.g., coprecipitation of DNA with calcium phosphate [7], DNA complexed with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran [8], electroporation [9]), or laborious (e.g., microinjection of DNA [ 10 ]) for clinical use. Only those gene delivery systems (viral and nonviral) with potential for clinical application are discussed in this chapter. The main features of these technologies (Table 18.3) are described and specific examples of their applications highlighted. 

Keywords Non-Viral Gene Delivery DEAE-dextran Graft Copolymer DNA Condensation transfection... 

Onishi, Y. Eshita, Y. Murashita, A. Mizuno, M. Yoshida, J. (2005).Synthesis and Characterization of 2-diethylaminoethyl(DEAE)-dextran-MMA Graft Copolymer for Non-Viral Gene Delivery Vector, J. Appl. Polym. Scz.,98,9-14. 

Chapter 9 - 2-diethylaminoethyl(DEAE)-Dextran is still an important substance for transfection of nucleic acids into cultured mammalian cells by the reason of its safety owing to autoclave sterilization different from lipofection vectors. However, DEAE-Dextran may not be superior to lipofection vectors with cytotoxic and a transfection efficiency. A stable soap-less latex of 2-diethylaminoethyl(DEAE)-Dextran-methyl methacrylate( MMA) graft eopolymer (DDMC) of a high transfection activity has been developed as Non-viral gene delivery vectors possible to autoclave at 121 for 15 minutes.Transfection activity determined by the X-gal staining method show a higher value of 50 times or more for DDMC samples... 

J.J. Thomas, M.R. Rekha, C.P. Sharma, Unraveling the intracellular efficacy of dextran-histidine polycation as an efficient nonviral gene delivery system. Mol. Pharm. 9 (2012) 121-134. 

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