Tumor-associated macrophage

Pyke C, Graem N, Ralfkiaer E, Ronne E, Hoyer-Hansen G, Brunner N, et al. Receptor for urokinase is present in tumor-associated macrophages in ductal breast carcinoma. Cancer Res 1993 53(8) 1911-1915. 

Sica, A., Saccani, A., and Mantovani, A. (2002). Tumor-associated macrophages A molecular perspective. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2, 1045-1054. 

Maritovarii A, Sozzarii S, Locad M, Allavena P, Sica A (2002) Macrophage polar zadon Tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immuriol 23 549-555. 

One possible explanation for the elevation of Mn-SOD seen in certain cancers is that TNF or IL-1 produced by cancer cells or tumor-associated macrophages (E4) has been found to act as an autocrine factor in acute myleoid leukemia cells... 

E4. Erroi, A., Sironi, M., Chiaffarino, F., Zhen-Guo, C, Mengozzi, M., and Mantovani, A., IL-1 and IL-6 release by tumor-associated macrophages from human ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer 44, 795-801 (1989). 

Mantovani, A., W. J. Ming, C. Balotta, B. Abdeljalil, and B. Bottazzi. 1986. Origin and regulation of tumor-associated macrophages the role of tumor-derived chemotactic factor. Biochim Biophys Acta 865 59. 

Leek, R. D., and A. L. Harris. 2002. Tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 7 177. 

Microvessel density, VEGF expression, and tumor-associated macrophages in breast tumors correlations with prognostic parameters. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 25 365. 

Polverini P, Leibovich S. Induction of neovascularization in vivo and endothelial proliferation in vitro by tumor-associated macrophages. Lab Invest 1984 51 635-642. 

Kambayashi T, Alexander HR, Fong M, Slrassmann G. Potential involvement of IL-10 in suppressing tumor-associated macrophages. Colon-26-derived prostaglandin E2 inhibits TNF-alpha release via a mechanism involving IL-10. J Immunol 1995 154 3383. 

Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Colotta F, Sozzani S, Ruco L. The origin and function of tumor-associated macrophages. Immunol Today 1992 13 265-270. 

Cortez-Retamozo, V., Etzrodt, M., Newton, A., et al. (2012). Origins of tumor-associated macrophages and nentrophils. Proceedings of die National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109fV), 2491—2496. 

Dextran can be modified easily and cationic derivatives are obtained by reaction with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) reagents or spermine. DEAE-dextran is one of the pioneer cationic polymers for gene delivery. However, PLL and other synthetic polymers have replaced dextran these days because of low transfection efficiency and toxicity problems of DEAE-dextran. Spermine-dextran (MW 9000-11 000 g mol ) is used as an siRNA delivery agent to cancer cells, with low toxicity and high loading capacity on HeLa-Zwc cells, and was proved to be a safe and effective acid-sensitive carrier for gene delivery by Cohen et al. Researchers showed that cationic dextran derivatives (MW 70 kDa) have also reverse tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization, promote IL-12 expression in tumor TAMs and thereby enhance the tumoricidal capacity of TAMs. ... 

Tumor-associated macrophages recruited to hypoxic sites can switch to a protumor phenotype leading to immune evasion of tumors Lewis and Murdoch (2005)... 

Talks K, Turley H, Gutter KC, Maxwell PH, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Harris AL. The expression and distribution of the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-lalpha and HIF-2alpha in normal human tissues, cancers, and tumor-associated macrophages. Am J Pathol 2000 157 411 21. 

Ohno, S., Ohno, Y., Suzuki, N., Kamei, T., Koike, K., Inagawa, H., Kohchi, C., Soma, G., and Inoue, M. (2004). Correlation of histological localization of tumor-associated macrophages with clinicopathological features in endometrial cancer. Anticancer Res. 24,... 

Shieh, Y.S., Hung, Y.J., Hsieh, C.B., Chen, J.S., Chou, K.C., and Liu, S.Y. (2009). Tumor-associated macrophage correlated with angiogenesis and progression of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 16, 751-760. 

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