Device terminology

Moreover, the literatiire devoted specifically to devices is relatively scarce, resulting in a limited munber of targeted information sources. Information coverage for instrmnents is weak, and indexing often inadequate, especially for specific device types and new technologies. Nonstandard device terminology increases the complexity of searches and can limit good retrieval. 

Because of the diverse appHcatioas involving Hquid atomizers, a large vocabulary of terms has evolved ia the spray community. The American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM Subcommittee E29.04 on Liquid Particle Characterization, has attempted to standardize the terminology relating to atomizing devices (1). The definitions adopted by ASTM are used herein. 

Before selecting or sizing a specific control device, a careful evaluation of all aspects of the process and contaminants must be made. Improper terminology can lead to poor design and/or operation of any type of device. A list of contaminant definitions in accordance with the USA Standards Institute includes the following. 

Terminolog of Pressure Relief Devices, /American National Standards Institute (ANSI) No. B95, 1 (latest ed.). 

A healthy battery for powering a Walkman or radio has a voltage of about 1.5 V. In the terminology of batteries, this value is called its open-circuit potential, but an electrochemist talking in terms of cells will call it the emf. This voltage is read on a voltmeter when we remove the battery from the device before measurement. But the voltage would be different if we had measured it while the battery was, for example, powering a torch. 

One thus arrives at the concept of pulser sequences (rather than RF pulse sequence) in which the programmable pulser generates a sequence of synchronized events and controls a number of distinct devices. Analogously, the term RF phase-cycling is no longer appropriate (in Stelar terminology, it is replaced by X-device cycling). 

The basic structure, concepts and terminology of the three Directives on AlMDs, MDs and 1 VDs are identical the differences that exist among them arise out of the different nature of these products. The following discussion will therefore focus on the medical devices directive (MDD), since this is the central Directive and covers most products. Short sections follow on AlMDs and IVDs. Detailed analysis of the relevant provisions would fill a large book what is intended here is to highlight the important aspects which should be considered. 

The terminology in pressure relief devices is very specific and therefore the terms used in this field are explained in order for the reader to better understand the literature on the subject. Some definitions are as they are given in the API. 

While we will cover some of the subjects above in further detail, it has to be noted that in some instances many users and even manufacturers get confused by the terminology of pressure relief devices, in particular, the important terms overpressure, accumulation, MAWP and design pressure (see also Appendix H for a visualization). 

Chemical bonds and population analysis Most metals of interest in the context of polymer-based electronic devices form some kind of chemical bond to the polymer upon interaction with a polymer surface. Population analysis, based on the electronic structure, is used to determine the character of this bond. According to the commonly used chemical terminology, bonds are classified as ionic if the bonded atoms are oppositely charged and held together by the attractive Coulomb force, and covalent if the two atoms are neutral but share the same pair of electrons. In the latter case, much of the electron density is located between the bonded atoms whereas for the ionic bond the charge density is concentrated at the atomic sites. 

Regarding the correct terminology, there are several references and examples of the term molecular wire . In some cases, it describes a system with a very specific behavior. In others, it simply refers to the structural features of the molecule under consideration. Thus, finding a clear definition is a rather difficult task. In 1998 an attempt was made by Emberly and Kirczenow [1] and a molecular wire has been defined as a molecule between two reservoirs of electrons . Nitzan and Ratner, on the other hand, called it a molecule that conducts electrical current between two electrodes [2], Most appropriate with respect to the topic of this thesis, we should stick to a rather restricted definition by Wasielewski, which classifies a molecular wire as a device that conducts in a regime, wherein the distance dependence (of electron transfer) may be very weak [3]. 

Before beginning a discussion of the role of image devices in SMA, it would be helpful at this point to define some terminology used to describe various characteristics of these devices (1) Each individual sensing element of an image detector is known as a pixel. (2) Cross-talk between channels caused by charge... 

Substrate configuration — Terminology used in - photovoltaic devices to designate the device architecture in which the light enters the device through the top face of the cell, i.e., oppositely to the substrate. 

Superstrate configuration — Terminology used in photovoltaic devices to designate the device architec-... 

The introduction of a new architecture such as nanomaterials necessitates the need for new terminology and methods of classification and characterization. We must also understand the mechanisms by which individual nanostructures may assemble into larger materials, as this will greatly affect the properties of the bulk device for a particular application. This chapter will focus on all of these important issues, with an introduction to the various types of nanomaterials, laboratory techniques used for their synthesis, and (perhaps most importantly) their role in current/future applications. 

---