Development implantation

J. S. Schultz, S. Mansouri, and I. Goldstein, Affinity sensor A new technique for developing implantable sensors for glucose and other metabolites, Diabetes Care 5, 245-253 (1982). 

Quite recently, with the aim to develop implantable miniaturized biofuel cells to power devices like sensors, the reduction... 

Current research and development efforts have focused on the use of more biocompatible coatings to reduce the biological response of both intravascular and subcutaneous devices. These efforts are based on the expectation that such developments wfllbe critical to the ultimate success in developing implanted sensors that yield continuous analytical results that match closely with conventional in vitro test methods. One new approach in this direction employs novel nitric oxide (NO) release polymers to coat the surface of intravascular sensors.The potent antiplatelet activity of NO has been shown to greatly reduce the formation of thrombus on the surface of implantable electrochemical oxygen sensing catheters, and yield much more accurate continuous PO2 values in animal experiments. 

There are various clinical conditions where administration of cultured whole cells or tissue may be desirable. The sources of these tissues are as diverse as the disease targets. For example, cultured fibroblasts from human prepuces are being developed as artificial skin for the treatment of leg ulcers and bums (Advanced Tissue Sciences, La Jolla, California Smith and Nephew, Romford, UK). Other companies are developing implantable pancreas generated from isolated pancreatic islet cells. Unlike matched transplantations, such therapies may involve treatment of large numbers of patients from a limited or sole initial human source or may be autologous albeit after some ex vivo manipulation and culturing of the cell mass before reimplantation. 

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials. Hoboken, NJ Wiley Interscience. ISSN 0021-9304. A section of the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Applied Biomaterials reports on device development, implant retrieval and analysis, manufacturing, regulation of devices, liability and legal issues standards, reviews of different device areas, and clinical applications relating to applied biomaterials. Peer-reviewed. Official publication of the Society for Biomaterials (US) and Japanese Society for Biomaterials, the Australian Society for Biomaterials, and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. 

Poly (e-caprolactone), poly lactides, and polyglycolides have quite unusual properties of biodegradability and biocompatibility. The majority of polymers used in the biomedical field to develop implants, sutures, and controlled drug-delivery systems are the aforesaid resorbable polyesters produced by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic (di)esters. 

Ziegler KJ. Developing implantable optical biosensors. Trends Biotechnol 2005 23(9) 440-4. 

Considerable interest exists in developing implantable and injectable biomaterials for drug delivery, tissue reconstruction and engineering [1]. In particular, biopolymer-based materials are the most attractive choice for such medical applications. This is primarily because they are easily pro-cessable, which could allow less or non-invasive therapeutic procedures. Most biomaterials produced as carriers for drug delivery or scaffolds for tissue reconstruction are intended... 

Up until 1963, the acetabular cups used at Wrightington were fabricated either by Chamley himself at his home workshop or by technicians at the hospital workshop in Wrightington [17, 18] (Figure 4.6). Chamley s home workshop was used to develop implant prototypes, as well as instruments. His 1/2 hp lathe, purchased in 1946, is now on display at the Thackray museum in Leeds. Chamley s biography recounts that throughout his life, he was able to mock up any surgical device in his workshop, and try it out himself before having it manufactured. ... 

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