Renewable resources developing countries

There are many benefits for using hydro resources to produce electricity. First, hydropower is a renewable resource oil, natural gas, and coal reserves may be depleted over time. Second, hydro resources are indigenous. A country that has developed its hydroelectric resources does not have to depend on other nations for its electricity hydroelectricity secures a country s access to energy supplies. Third, hydroelectricity is environmentally friendly. It does not emit greenhouse gases, and hydroelectric dams can be used to control floods, divert water for irrigation purposes, and improve navigation on a river. 

Being convinced of the value of the renewables approach for the industrial world, as well as for developing countries, I was myself delighted to collaborate on this series of books focusing on different aspects of renewable resources. I hope that readers become aware of the complexity, the interaction and interconnections, and the challenges of this field and that they will help to communicate on the importance of renewable resources. 

The diversification of energy sources tailored to the requirements and resources of each country using nature s renewable resources such as the sun (photovoltaics), wind power, geothermal energy and biomass is a definite requirement. If solar cells are chosen to provide an alternative to fossil fuels, significant research work is needed (i) to develop new routes for the production of crystalline silicon, (ii) in the development of amorphous silicon hybrid materials that could result in enhanced efficiencies, (iii) for further development of thin-layer technology, (iv) in concerted efforts for cheaper and more stable dyes, (v) in improving the efficiency of the dye-sensitized cells and (vi) in process development to deliver enhanced device performances, ensure sustainability and reduce production costs on an industrial scale. 

During the period of industrial engineering, there are many resource cities established all over the world. Along with the depletion of non-renewable resources, resource cities have gradually become resource exhausted cities. Many researchers have proposed that many countries or resource cities have developed the Dutch disease since 1980s (Fan 2013, Yin 2012, Zhou 2003). 

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