Detonation arrestors

In the past it was difficult to prevent the spread of explosions through vent systems, as flame arrestors were effective only when located at the ends of pipes. Effective inline detonation arrestors are now availabe. Like all flame arrestors they will, of course, need regular cleaning, something that is often neglected. In other cases, when tanks have been over-... 

Flame or detonation arrestors If properly designed, installed, and maintained, can eliminate the potential for flashback through a piping system or into a vessel or tank 1 x 101 to 1 X 10 3 1 x 10 2... 

Pipe detonation arrestors are provided where there is a possibility of highly accelerating flame fronts within piping systems due to poor piping designs to prevent such occurrences. 

Fig. 8-12) [66]. The results of CFD calculations were used to optimize the design of a detonation arrestor geometry [48]. 

Gas turbines should be installed with automatic fuel shutoff valves. Locate cooling towers far away from process units. Whenever possible, maintain cooling water pressure more than process stream pressure, at the coolers. Install gas detectors at the top of cooling towers, and an automatic shutdown system for cooling tower fans, in case of gas detection. Boiler and other utilities should be located far away from process facilities so that they will not be exposed to fires and explosions originating in the process plants. Install deflagration or detonation arrestors in low-pressure fuel gas systems connected to atmosphere or fired systems. 

Detonation arrestors are essentially heavy-duty thermal-type flame arrestors designed to handle the peak overpressures of a detonation. These would only be used in those systems where the criteria for distance from the atmospheric outlet... 

A special study [74] was commissioned by the American Petroleum Institute (API) entitled Mitigation of Explosion Hazards of Marine Vapor Control Systems. The report examines the effects of deflagradons and detonations in pipes in the region of detonation flame arrestors. The primary objective was to resolve potential... 

The usual approach in design is to prevent explosions from occurring, for example, by not allowing flammable mixtures to form in the process. If internal explosion is a possibility, then it must be considered as a pressure-relief scenario and the pressure-relief devices must be sized to prevent detonation. This will usually require the use of large bursting disks. Flame arrestors should also be specified on process piping to... 

Vapor cloud explosions are due to rapid combustion of flammable gas, mist, or small particles that generate pressure effects due to confinement they can occur inside process equipment or pipes, buildings, and other contained areas. A vapor cloud explosion can be either a deflagration or a detonation (the distinction between deflagrations and detonations is important when deciding on whether or not to use a flame arrestor in pressure relief systems). 

Nickel-63 Reactor Spark arrestors in circuit boards and detonation sources... 

Flame arrestors, if properly designed, can arrest detonations. 

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