Determination of wear

EN 660-2 Resilient floor coverings - Determination of wear resistance - Frick-Taber test. 

The determination of wear metals in used lubricating oils... 

Fassel, V.A., Peterson, C.A., Kniseley, R.N. and Abercombie, F.N. (1976) Simultaneous determination of wear metals in lubricating oils by ICP-OES, Analytical Chemistry, 48, pp516-519. 

Inductively coupled plasma, ICP, atomic emission spectroscopy has made the determination of wear metals very easy and used oils can be scanned for the presence of at least 20 elements in less than 1 min. Wear trends can be obtained by comparing wear metals from a series of samples. However, it should be noted that the accuracy of the determination can be limited by the particle sizes present. 

The determination of wear metals in the lubricating oils used in aircraft, truck, locomotive, and other engines can provide an excellent indication of the mechanical condition of the engine. In fact, as the presence of certain metals is noticed or their... 

The tests proposed by ENs for slurry surfacing mix to determine useful characteristic properties and compatibility of the mix constituents are very similar to some proposed by American standards. Namely, the tests proposed are (a) consistency, (b) determination of cohesion of the mix, (c) determination of wearing and (d) shaking abrasion test. 

The determination of wearing is carried out according to CEN EN 12274-5 (2003). The test method determines the minimum binder content of the mix under wet track abrasion conditions. It also covers the compatibility between aggregate fillers and cationic bitumen emulsion. The test is similar to wet track abrasion loss described in ASTM D 3910 (2011), a brief description of which is given in Section 6.8.3.1. 

CEN EN 12274-5.2003. Slurry surfacing-Test method - Part 5 Determination of wearing. Brussels CEN. 

In order to get information on wear mechanisms, it is necessary to complement the determination of wear volume by a structural characterization of the worn surface. Friction and wear cause characteristic changes of surface topography and of the microstructure in a thin zone below the rubbing surface, which can give information on prevailing wear mechanisms. Additional information is obtained by an analysis of the size and composition of the wear particles. Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and surface analysis methods (AES, XPS, etc) are generally used for this purpose. 

Yan, Z., Hou, X., Jones, B. T., (2003),Determination of wear metals in engine oil by mild acid digestion and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using solid phase extraction disks, Talanta, 59, 673-680. 

Escobar, M. P. (1995). Determination of wear metals in lubricating oil by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Florida, Tallahassee. 

Roylance BJ, Sperring TP and Barraclough TB, Bench test determination of wear modes to classify the morphological attributes of wear debris , ASTM Conference on Bench Testing in Seattle, USA, 2000... 

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