Determination of the order

E. V. Aibano. Determination of the order-parameter critical exponent of an irreversible dimer-monomer surface reaction model. Phys Rev E 49 1738-1739, 1994. 

Sequencing The determination of the order in which the repeating units occur in a biopolymer, e.g. amino acids in a protein, sugar residues in a carbohydrate, etc. 

Another conclusion can be drawn from this example. Of course, the study of the local approximation is unsufRcient for determination of the order of the difference approximation and proper evaluation of the quality of a difference operator. 

Because the determination of the order parameters by Raman spectroscopy is not straightforward, some works have focused on using intensity ratios to evaluate the molecular orientation (see above). Frisk et al. [56], in particular, have shown that the simple parameter R = 1 — Ixx/Izz — 1 — (axx)/(azz) can efficiently, although qualitatively, characterize orientation in polymers. 

Perham, R.N., and Jones, G.M.T. (1967) The determination of the order of lysine-containing tryptic peptides of proteins by diagonal paper electrophoresis. Eur. J. Biochem. 2, 84-89. 

Identification of the energy source for muscle contraction and determination of the order in which the phosphate esters were metabolized was helped by the use of inhibitors. These inhibitors blocked different stages in glycolysis and caused preceding substrates to accumulate in quantities which could greatly exceed those normally present. The compounds were then isolated, identified, and used as specific substrates to identify the enzymes involved in their metabolism. Iodoacetic acid (IAc) was one of the most important inhibitors used to analyze glycolysis. 

An important result, found for the SDTQ[N/N] wavefiinctions of all molecules considered, is that the split-localized molecular orbitals yield a considerably faster convergence for truncated expansions than the natural orbitals. For example, for NCCN SDTQ[18/18], millihartree accuracy is achieved by about 50,000 determinants of the ordering based on split-localized orbitals whereas about 150,000 determinants are needed for the natural-orbital-based ordering. This observation calls for the revision of a widely held bias in favor of natural orbitals. 

Figure 1-5 Determination of the order of hypothetical reactions with respect to species A. (a) The initial reaction rate method is used. The initial rate versus the initial concentration of A is plotted on a log-log diagram. The slope 2 is the order of the reaction with respect to A. The intercept is related to k. (b) The concentration evolution method is used. Because the exponential function (dashed curve) does not fit the data (points) well, the order is not 1. The solution for the second-order reaction equation (solid curve) fits the data well. Hence, the order of the reaction is 2.

The determination of the order tensor corresponds to the solution of a linear algebraic problem of standard Ax = b form. To see this, consider that Eq. (23) may be expressed in the following form,... 

The utility of singular value decomposition (SVD) for the determination of the order tensor stems from the formation of the M-P inverse, which is straightforward based on the SVD of a matrix. All matrices can be factored into a product of three matrices via SVD,92... 

Table I. Reaction conditions for the determination of the order of glycine at pH= 5.6...

By varying the temperature of the precursor pot, different partial pressures of [Y(TMHD)3] could be generated, as was reflected by different values of absorbances at 200°C. Comparison of absorbance values at a temperature where decomposition was occurring, such as at 460°C (cf. Fig. 17.12(b)), with the corresponding values at 200°C then allowed determination of the order of reaction with respect to [Y(TMHD)3]. From the data plotted in Fig. 17.13 it can be seen that the reaction is first order. The data is plotted for the C=C stretch at 1571 cm-1, but a similar result was obtained for the other absorbance frequencies. For a fixed precursor partial pressure (i.e., at a constant precursor pot temperature) variation of the oxygen flow rate allowed determination of the reaction order with... 

Thirteen-fold symmetry was observed first in SPPl connectors (Dube et al, 1993). Apart from reports of 13-fold symmetry in 029 connectors (e.g., Dube et al, 1993), which are at odds with the 12-fold symmetry disclosed by high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis (Muller et al, 1997) and a crystal structure (Simpson et al, 2000), the T3/ T7 system is the only other one in which 13-fold has so far been observed. However, T3 and T7 also produce 12-fold connectors, and, significantly, only 12-fold symmetry was observed for connectors isolated from T3 capsids (Carazo et al, 1986 Donate et al, 1988). Pending experimental determination of the order (s) of symmetry of connectors in situ, the emerging picture (Valpuesta et al, 2000) is that connectors are 12-fold symmetric in phage heads, and 13-fold variants, when they occur, are probably an aberrant oligomerization product that results when overexpression overloads the normal biosynthetic assembly pathway within cells. 

It is also possible in a sequential mechanism to follow the exchange of label from a product back into substrate while the reaction is occurring. Only the first product to be released will exchange back into substrate, which allows determination of the order of product release (17). 

By this method quantities of dichloroethyl sulphide may be determined of the order of o-i-o-ooi mgm. with a maximum error of 0-005 mgm. 

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