Determination of bromate

Another interesting TLC method for the isolation and determination of bromate ion in flour dough and breads has been developed [59]. It involves extraction of BrOj from foodstuff, purification on alumina column, TLC separation on silica gel layer developed with water -1- -butanol + n-propanol (1 1 3), and quantification by densitometry. Bromate ion down to 0.1 pg in bread (1.0 g) was detected with tohdin-FIQ reagent. 

Achilii M, and Romele L (1999) Ion chromatographic determination of bromate in drinking water by post-column reaction with fuchsin. J Chrom... 

Fraser CA, Gardner GJ, Maxwell PS, Kubwabo C, Guevremont R, Siu KWM, and Berman SS (1995) Preparation and certification of a biological reference material (CARP-i) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners. Fresenius J Anal Chem 352 143-147. Gahr A, Huber N, and Niessner R (1998) Fluorimetric determination of bromate by ion-exchange separation and post-column derivatization. Mikrochrm Acta 129 281-290. 

Determination of Bromate in Drinking Waters by Ion Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma-MS... 

Creed JT, Brockhoff CA, Martin TD (1997) EPA Method 321.8. Determination of bromate in drinking waters by ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, Available at http //www.epa.gov/microbes/m 321 8.pdf... 

Zakaria P., Bloomfield C., Shellie R. A, Haddad P. R Dicinoski G. W. Determination of bromate in sea water using multi-dimensional matrix-elimination ion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 2011 1218(50) 9080-9085. 

Osborne [3] has described a method for the determination of bromate in flour using aqueous extraction and photometric flow injection analysis. 

Bodor, R., Kaniansky, D., Masdr, M., Silleova, K., Stanislawski, B., Determination of bromate in drinking water by zone electrophoresis-isotachophoresis on a column-coupling chip with conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2002, 23, 3630-3637. 

Cereal products Determination of bromate and propionate in bakery products, Fe2+ and Fe3+... 

The spectrophotometric determination of bromate can be based on the reactions of Br03 ions with o-arsanilic acid [26], antipyrine (in the presence of nitrite) [27], 1,3,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid [28], Pyrogallol Red [29], or 2-oxyminedimedonodithiosemicarbazone [30]. 

The reaction of bromate with fuchsin following its separation with the use of Dowex-50 cation-exchange resin (Na" form) was a basis of the determination of bromate in drinking water [2],... 

Dionex Application Note 101. Trace Level Determination of Bromate in Ozonated Drinking Water Using Ion Chromatography. Dionex Corp., Sunnyvale, CA, 1995. 

Anions of the halides, as well as sulfides, selenides, and tellurides, can be determined by means of anodic waves due to mercury-salt formation. Among the oxygen-containing anions—in addition to those of the metals mentioned above—cathodic reduction waves can be used for determination of bromates, iodates, periodates, sulfites, polythionates, etc. 

Inorganic and organic interferences were investigated with respect to the determination of bromate in natural and drinking waters by an ion chromatographic method (Guinamant et al, 2000 Ingrand et al, 2002). The tested interferenees were of two types ... 

Figure 2.1 Ion chromatographic determination of bromate in water (after Ingrand et at, 2002). Reprinted from Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 21, No. 1, Ingrand eto/., Determination of bromate... , pp. 1-12,2002, with permission from Elsevier...

A flow injection system with a micro-column of strong anion exchanger has been interfaced with an ICP-mass spectrometer via a microconeentrie nebulizer to perform on-line separation and trace determination of bromate in drinking waters (Elwaer, 1999 Elwaer et al, 2000). Method development studies examined the effect of sample injection volume, carrier stream flow rate and eluent concentration on system response. B asic performance data for this method were limit of detection, 0.13 ag/L (500 p-L sample injection) analysis time, 5 minutes per sample precision, 2.6%RSD (at5 g/L). 

This method allows determination of bromate at coneentration levels from 4 to 50 ag/L, with divergenee between results obtained with both IC/CD (referenee method) and methylene blue methods lower than 20 %. The high level of interferenee from hypoehlorite ions has been demonstrated but it ean be overeome by pre-treating samples with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Such pre-treatment should be adapted to the matrix analysed on site (Ingrand et al, 2002). 

In this respect the European Corrrmissiorr set up a project on Development of Laboratory and Field Methods for Determination of Bromate in Drinking Water... 

Ingrand, V, Guinamant, J.-L., Bruchet, A., Brosse, C., Noij, Th.H.M., Brandt, A., Sacher, E, McLeod, C., Elwaer, A.R., Croue, J.P. and Quevauviller, Ph. 2002. Determination of bromate in drinking water development of laboratory and field methods. Trends Anal. Ghent., 21, 356-365. 

T. Takayanagi, M. Ishida, J. Mbuna, R. Driouich and S. Motomizu, Determination of bromate ion in drinking water by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct photometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A,... 

Y. Inoue, T. Sakai, H. Kumagai and Y. Hanaoka, High selective determination of bromate in ozonized water by using ion chromatography with postcolumn derivatization equipped with reagent preparation device. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 346, 299-305. 

R. C. Duty and J. S. Ward, Determination of bromate and chlorate via reduction with sodium nitrite. Analyst, 1994, 119, 2141-2143. 

Determination of bromate in drinking waters by 1C with ICP-MS detection... 

Wang, K. Liu, H. Huang, J. Chen, X. Hu, Z. Determination of bromate in bread additives and flours by flow injection analysis. Food Chem. 2000, 70, 509-514. 

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