Anions oxygen-containing

Oxygen-Gontaining Organics. Neutral and anionic oxygen-containing organic molecules form complexes with thorium. Recent work has focused on alkoxides (72), aryloxides, and carboxylates however, complexes with alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, aldehydes, ketoenolates, and carbamates are also well known. 

Althongh the hydroxy group is by far the most popular anionic oxygen containing functional group in functionalised NHC ligands, there are some examples for carboxylic... 

Phosphoric acids and the phosphates maybe defined as derivatives of phosphoms oxides where the phosphoms atom is in the +5 oxidation state. These are compounds formed in the M2O—P20 system, where M represents one cation equivalent, eg, H", Na", 0.5 Ca ", etc. The molecular formula of the phosphoms(V) oxide [1314-56-3] is actually P O q, but this oxide is commonly referred to in terms of its empirical formula, P2O5. StmcturaHy, four phosphoms—oxygen (P—O) linkages are arranged in an approximate tetrahedral configuration about the phosphoms atom in the phosphate anion. Compounds containing discrete, monomeric PO ions are known as orthophosphates or simply as phosphates. 

Names of monatomic anions end in -ide. Oxoanions are anions that contain oxygen. The suffix -ate indicates a greater number of oxygen atoms titan the suffixe -ite within the same series of oxoanions. 

NaOCl Sodium hypochlorite is ionic, containing Na cations and OCl anions. The sodium cation has oxidation number equal to its charge, +1. In the anion, oxygen is -2 (Guideline 4), so chlorine must be +1 for the sum of the oxidation numbers to match the -1 charge of the hypochlorite anion (Guideline 2). 

C20-0110. Determine the Lewis structure and draw a ball-and-stick model showing the geometry of the dichromate anion, which contains one bridging oxygen atom. 

In individnal cases, anodic polarization of metals in electrolyte solntions will pro-dnce snrface layers (adsorbed or phase) which instead of oxygen, contain the soln-tion anions. Thns, anodic polarization of silver in chloride-containing solntions yields a snrface layer of silver chloride, while the anodic polarization of lead in snl-fnric acid solntion yields a lead sulfate layer. Layers of sulhdes, phosphates, and other salts can be formed in the same way. In many respects the properties of such salt layers are analogous to those of the oxide layers. 

Arts, (a) Sodium chlorite and (b) barium hypochlorite. Note that parentheses enclose the CIO" ions, because there is a subscript to show that there are two of them. In (a), there is only one anion, which contains two oxygen atoms. 

Some anions exhibit a complexing affinity toward aluminum ions. Thus, in such a situation, one should visualize the presence not only of a series of pure complexes but also of mixed ones with oxygen-containing ions, e.g., Al(OH)2Cl, Al(OH)Cl2, A1C13, Al(OH)Cl+, and A1C12+. The ionic species are soluble, and thus the interaction with complexing ions may provide an additional mechanism for solubilization of the oxide. 

Oxygen-containing solvents with a strong coordinating ability, such as diethyl ether, methyl /.so-butyl ketone and /.so-amyl acetate, form oxonium cations with protons under strongly acidic conditions, e.g. (R20) H. Metals which form anionic complexes in strong acid can be extracted as ion pairs into such solvents. For example, Fe(III) is extracted from 7 M hydrochloric acid into diethyl ether as the ion pair... 

Mesoporous zirconia has been prepared using anionic surfactants containing reactive oxygens that could bind Zr2+ (224-226). Mesoporous zirconia was obtained using alkyl phosphate amphiphiles but they were not stable to template removal. 

To prevent the dimerization and by-product formations, Rautenstrauch et al. (1981) proposed to protonate the ketone anion-radicals just at the moment of their formation. These anion-radicals contain the negatively charged oxygen atom. They protonate faster and then undergo dimerization. The resulting hydroxyl-containing carboradicals accept electrons faster and then undergo disproportionation or recombination. This leads to the suppression of ketoenol and pinacol formation. 

In crystals of salts of oxygen-containing carbanions, such as [(OgN)2 C—C(N02)2]2, (2) (3), or the Meisenheimer complexes [C6H2(N02)3 (OR)(OR )]- (41), (where R and R are alkyl groups), the alkali metal is found to have oxygen neighbours from different anions there are no short M—C contacts. 

Figure 13.2 Oxygen-containing anion species in chloroaluminate ILs, as proposed by Osteryoung and Zawodzinsky (Zawodzinski, T. A., Jr. and Osteryoung, R. A., Inorg. Chem., 29,2842,1990.).

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