Determination of breakthrough volume

Acoustic streaming, definition, 50 Activated carbon determination of breakthrough volume, 83-84... 

Determination of breakthrough volume at concentrations of 2 times exposure guideline and relative humidity of 85 %. 

A fundamental parameter characterizing the usefulness of a given precolumn for enrichment purposes is the breakthrough volume, Vg. This volume can be determined by monitoring continuously or discretely the detector signal at the outlet of the precolumn (35-37). The breakthrough volume can be defined by the following expression (37) ... 

A plot called a breakthrough curve shows the effluent liquid concentration c divided by the influent liquid concentration c0 as a function of pore volumes of flow (see Figure 26.11). One pore volume of flow is equal to the volume of the void space in the soil. The effective porosity of the soil is determined by measuring a breakthrough curve. 

The breakthrough curves measured for the monolithic columns with different proteins are very sharp and confirm again the fast mass transport kinetics of the monoliths [133, 134]. The frontal analysis used for the determination of the breakthrough profile can also be used for calculation of the dynamic capacity of the column. For example, the capacity for the 60x16mm i.d. monolith at 1% breakthrough is 324 mg of ovalbumin and represents the specific capacity of 40.0 mg/g of separation medium or 21.6 mg/ml of column volume. 

The most significant figure of merit is the breakthrough volume and assuming a simple equilibrium model, this volume is used to determine the dissociation... 

A plot of [A]q + y versus reciprocal breakthrough volume supports the determination of Bt and by linear regression analysis. As with all FAC methods for ligand characterization, the cartridge does not require precalibration before a measurement is made, because is a product of the measurement. One disadvantage of this method is that any error in the earlier measurements is carried forward in subsequent ones however the speed of these measurements and the ability to accurately measure Vq usually makes this the method of choice. 

The collection efficiency of a filter sampler was demonstrated by sampling test atmospheres with a backup collector at the proposed sampling rate and time, and analyzing the collected samples. For sorbents or filter/sorbent sampling trains, the breakthrough volume was determined (to demonstrate capacity) at 80% relative humidity. 6... 

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