Determination of breakthrough

In the last two cases, the test substance used is unsuitable for the determination of breakthrough time. 

The problems of the determination of breakthrough time were discussed by C.A. Rimmer, C.R. Simmons... 

Figure 4.11. Experimental determination of breakthrough to determine V/, or 1% breakthrough. [After Hennion and Pichon (1994), published with permission.]...

Acoustic streaming, definition, 50 Activated carbon determination of breakthrough volume, 83-84... 

Determination of breakthrough volume at concentrations of 2 times exposure guideline and relative humidity of 85 %. 

Sensitive analytic procedures enable detection and measurement of very low tracer levels. In tracer studies, an identifiable tracer material is injected through one or more injection wells into the reservoir being studied. Water or other fluid is then injected to push the tracer to one or more recovery wells in the reservoir. The output of the recovery wells is monitored to determine tracer breakthrough and flow through the recovery wells. Analysis of the breakthrough times and the flows yields important information regarding how to perform the secondary or enhanced recovery processes. 

In general, influent flow and contact tune determine the carbon bed depth and size, which in turn determine the breakthrough characteristics of the carbon bed for the influent water, thereby... 

Example 13 Estimation of Breakthrough Time With reference to Example 9, determine the 10 percent breakthrough time and the column dynamic binding capacity if the column is 20 cm long. 

The breakthrough curves measured for the monolithic columns with different proteins are very sharp and confirm again the fast mass transport kinetics of the monoliths [133, 134]. The frontal analysis used for the determination of the breakthrough profile can also be used for calculation of the dynamic capacity of the column. For example, the capacity for the 60x16mm i.d. monolith at 1% breakthrough is 324 mg of ovalbumin and represents the specific capacity of 40.0 mg/g of separation medium or 21.6 mg/ml of column volume. 

A plot of [A]q + y versus reciprocal breakthrough volume supports the determination of Bt and by linear regression analysis. As with all FAC methods for ligand characterization, the cartridge does not require precalibration before a measurement is made, because is a product of the measurement. One disadvantage of this method is that any error in the earlier measurements is carried forward in subsequent ones however the speed of these measurements and the ability to accurately measure Vq usually makes this the method of choice. 

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