Detergents lipids

Although fat substitutes may reduce the caloric contents of the foods in which they are used, caution is still necessary. Foods labeled fat free are not calorie free. If an individual feels that he or she can eat more of a food containing a fat substitute, his or her total caloric intake may actually increase. see also Detergents Lipids Soap. 

Fig. 3. Schematic view of the cross-section of a micelle (a), and a detergent-lipid bicelle (b). In (b), the diameter of the bilayered region is given as 2R, while the radius of the detergent is r.

The existence of the hydrophobic effect [14] in the formation of micelles, liposomes and other aggregates in water has been recognized and elaborately studied for several decades. Detergents, lipids and many derivatives made from them have been extensively studied and there are numerous reviews which document these in greater detail [15]. Synthetic bilayer membranes (BLMs) have been studied for the past three decades by using a variety of physical techniques [16]. Hydrophobic interaction has also been utilized for the design of hosts that bind guest molecules in water [17]. 

Zhang H, Kurisu G, Smith JL, Cramer WA. A defined protein- 66. detergent-lipid complex for crystallization of integral membrane proteins The cytochrome b6f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003 100 5160-5163. 

The preparation of liposomes from mixed detergent/lipid micelles can also be done with other detergents, such as -alkyl-glucosides ( =6-9), octyl-thioglucoside or M-octanoyl-M-... 

Equal volumes of plasmid DNA (5-150 pg DNA/mL) and the mixed detergent/ lipid micelles at the desired charge ratio are mixed followed by vortex mixing. Particle formation will occur spontaneously under these conditions. 

Fig. 13 Screening of CCR5 solubilization using different detergent/lipid combinations.

Allen, C.M. Muth, J.D. Cildersleeve, N. Extraction and detergent/lipid activation of dolichol kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 712, 33-41 (1982)... 

Ionic detergents alter the conformation of the hydrophobic portions of integral membrane proteins, whereas nonionic detergents do not. Therefore, nonionic detergents are preferred they form mixed micelles of detergent, lipid, and protein. Most integral membrane proteins need to be surrounded by hpids of some sort to remain active. 

Hossein Nouri-Sorkhabi, M., Wright, L. C., Sullivan, D. R. and Kuchel, P. W. (1996) Quantitative P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of erythrocyte membranes using detergent. Lipids, 31, 765-70. 

Cell contents (soluble in neutral detergent) Cell wall constituents (fibre insoluble in neutral detergent) Lipids Sugars, organic acids and water-soluble matter Pectin, starch Non-protein nitrogen Soluble protein... 

FIG. 5 A schematic phase diagram for detergent-lipid mixtures. The bold lines describe the dependence of and on bpid concentration. The slopes of these lines represent the maximal values of in vesicles (R ) and the minimal value of R in mixed micelles respectively. The intercepts of the lines ( > and D ) represent the respective (extrapolated) values of monomer concentrations. The broken Unes denoted by 1,11, and HI illustrate the three protocols of ITC experiments as described in the text. 

Hashimoto, N Eujiwara, S., Watanabe, K., Iguchi, K., and Tsuzuki, M. (2003) Localization of clavulones, prostanoids with antitumor activity, within the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis (Alcyonacea, Clavularidae) preparation of a high-purity Symbiodinium fraction using a protease and a detergent Lipids, 38,991-997. 

P-Bungarotoxin-binding protein (chick brain membranes) Protein-detergent-lipid Triton X-100, 0.784 84R3... 

Protein-detergent-lipid Triton N-101, 20 0.78-0.811 83W1, 83W2... 

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