Design material optimization

The terms plastics, resins, and polymers are somewhat synonymous. Polymers and resins usually denote the basic material. The term plastics pertains to those containing additives, fillers, or reinforcements as well as the basic materials. Total sales for plastic products and plastic materials are now well over 275 billion per year, making plastics the fourth largest industry in the United States. Machinery sales (all types) in the plastic industry are estimated to be above 3 billion per year. See composite design, material optimization plastic industry size polymer reinforced plastic. 

Advances in the study of macromolecular structures, e.g., complex and supramolecu-lar fluids, and the synthesis of new materials, e.g., nanostructured media, which may lead to the design of optimal materials for given separations or other applications... 

As mentioned earlier, biological systems have developed optimized strategies to design materials with elaborate nanostructures [6]. A straightforward approach to obtaining nanoparticles with controlled size and organization should therefore rely on so-called biomimetic syntheses where one aims to reproduce in vitro the natural processes of biomineralization. In this context, a first possibility is to extract and analyze the biological (macro)-molecules that are involved in these processes and to use them as templates for the formation of the same materials. Such an approach has been widely developed for calcium carbonate biomimetic synthesis [13]. In the case of oxide nanomaterials, the most studied system so far is the silica shell formed by diatoms [14]. 

Perform each step in a separate vessel with the design optimized for that operation this includes vessel size, pressure rating, emergency relief system design, materials of construction, utilities, and agitation design. 

There are many different mechanisms through which the nanocarbon-semiconductor hybrid materials may show enhanced properties and which have to be exploited for the design of optimized materials used as photocatalysts or photoanodes. The presence, absence or efficacy of these enhancement mechanisms depends greatly on the... 

This chapter addresses the planning, design and optimization of a network of petrochemical processes under uncertainty and robust considerations. Similar to the previous chapter, robustness is analyzed based on both model robustness and solution robustness. Parameter uncertainty includes process yield, raw material and product prices, and lower product market demand. The expected value of perfect information (EVPI) and the value of the stochastic solution (VSS) are also investigated to illustrate numerically the value of including the randomness of the different model parameters. 

Mesko, M. G., Meaker, T. F., Ramsey, W. G., Marra, J. C. Peeler, D. K. 1997. Optimization of lanthanide borosilicate frit compositions for the immobilization of actinides using a Plackett-Burman/simplex algorithm design. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 465, 105-110. 

This book is a companion volume to Pharmaceutical Technology Controlled Drug Release, Volume 1, edited by M.H.Rubinstein and published in 1987. It focused on the different types of polymeric materials used in controlled release. This book extends these concepts to include drug properties, design and optimization, coating, the effect of food and pharmacokinetics. It also reflects the growing interest in biodegradable polymers in oral and topical formulations and the use of sterile implants. 

C. Julien and G.-A, Nazri, Solid State Batteries Materials Design and Optimization, Kluwer Academic, 1994. 

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