Design criteria observation

Thomas et al. (396-398) observed that even when the liquid velocity exceeded the design criterion, the downcomer inlet was not completely closed. They pointed out that it may even be advantageous for the aerated liquid to hit the column wall, as it assists in breaking up the froth, thus reducing the quantity of vapor entering the downcomer. On this basis, liquid throw over the weir is not considered a limiting factor (246, 371, 396-398), and is normally omitted from downcomer sizing calculations. 

Thermodynamically stable, bicontinuous microemulsions have recently been shown to be obtainable in symmetric ternary blends of two homopolymers and a diblock copolymer by formulating alloys with compositions near mean-field isotropic Lifshitz points. In the present paper, it is argued that practical apphcation of this design criterion could require use of homopolymers of unequal molec.wts. and block copolymers of different structure. The existence of, and explicit location of, mean-field isotropic Lifshitz points in ternary blends with homopolymer molec.wt. asymmetry and either AB diblock or ABA triblock copolymer structures were demonstrated. These calculations significantly expanded the parameter space for observing bicontinuous miCToemulsions and allowed for more flexibility in tailoring melt rheological properties and solid-state mechanical properties. 29 refs. 

For the fly ash the Jenike design criterion estimates that their is no minimum critical outlet width for flow, which compares well, with experimental observations, which found the instantaneous outlet width to be below the minimum obtainable with the test silo. For the hydrated lime and olivine sand, the actual critical outlet widths at emptying were of a similar size to that of fly ash, but the Jenike method over predicted this by almost an order of magnitude. 

It is necessary to estabUsh a criterion for microbial death when considering a sterilization process. With respect to the individual cell, the irreversible cessation of all vital functions such as growth, reproduction, and in the case of vimses, inabiUty to attach and infect, is a most suitable criterion. On a practical level, it is necessary to estabUsh test criteria that permit a conclusion without having to observe individual microbial cells. The failure to reproduce in a suitable medium after incubation at optimum conditions for some acceptable time period is traditionally accepted as satisfactory proof of microbial death and, consequentiy, stetihty. The appHcation of such a testing method is, for practical purposes, however, not considered possible. The cultured article caimot be retrieved for subsequent use and the size of many items totally precludes practical culturing techniques. In order to design acceptable test procedures, the kinetics and thermodynamics of the sterilization process must be understood. 

The experimental design that can best meet the criterion of an observed deuterium isotope effect being equivalent to an intrinsic deuterium isotope effect is an intramolecular... 

The Monte Carlo analyses are used to observe how device tolerances can affect a design. There are two analyses that can be performed. The Worst Case analysis is used to find the maximum or minimum value of a parameter given device tolerances. Device tolerances are varied to their maximum or minimum limits such that the maximum or minimum of the specified parameter is found. The Monte Carlo analysis is used to find production yield. If the Worst Case analysis shows that not all designs will pass a specific criterion, the Monte Carlo analysis can be used to estimate what percentage will pass. The Monte Carlo analysis varies device parameters within the specified tolerance. The analysis randomly picks a value for each device that has tolerance and simulates the circuit using the random values. A specified output can be observed. 

The properties of a material must dictate the applications in which it will best perform its intended use. All materials made to date with polymerized sulphur show time-dependent stress-strain behaviour. The reversion to the brittle behaviour of orthorhombic sulphur is inevitable as the sulphur transforms from the metastable polymeric forms to the thermodynamically stable crystalline structure. The time-span involved of at most 15 months (to date) would indicate that no such materials should be used in applications dependent on the strain softening behaviour. Design should not be based on the stress-strain relationships observed at an age of a few days. Since the strength of these materials is maintained, however, uses based on strength as the only mechanical criterion would be reasonable. 

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