Design appraisal

A collective term for the various methods of assessing causes, severities, and likelihood of potential failure conditions. Typical types of analysis include design appraisal, installation appraisal, FMEA, FTA, DD, reliability block diagrams, etc. 

Design appraisal This is a qualitative appraisal of the integrity and safety of the... 

An exploration or appraisal well, if successful, can be converted to a subsea producer if hydrocarbons are discovered. In this case the initial well design would have to allow for any proposed conversion. 

During the design phase, facilities (the hardware items of equipment) are designed for operating conditions which are anticipated based upon the information gathered during field appraisal, and upon the outcome of studies such as the reservoir simulation. The design parameters will typically be based upon assessments of... 

Each observation in any branch of scientific investigation is inaccurate to some degree. Often the accurate value for the concentration of some particular constituent in the analyte cannot be determined. However, it is reasonable to assume the accurate value exists, and it is important to estimate the limits between which this value lies. It must be understood that the statistical approach is concerned with the appraisal of experimental design and data. Statistical techniques can neither detect nor evaluate constant errors (bias) the detection and elimination of inaccuracy are analytical problems. Nevertheless, statistical techniques can assist considerably in determining whether or not inaccuracies exist and in indicating when procedural modifications have reduced them. 

The plant engineer should strive to make sure that, whenever possible, his purchase orders specify compliance with the correct standard. Many manufacturers can tmthfully claim that their specifications exceed the minimum requirements of a material standard, in which case they will have no objection to its inclusion in the order. Those who protest too much that its requirements are superfluous may deserve further scmtiny. Choosing the correct specification is not always easy, and requires expertise in the relevant field. This expertise is available from consulting engineers or from an inspection authority, who will also appraise the vendor s designs and, if required, will witness critical stages of constmction and test. 

These difficulties were overcome in a design developed by Subcommittee Vlll of ASTM Committee B-3 (Fig. 19.29). In this assembly each of the two middle specimens has a specimen of the other metal each side of it and only these middle specimens are considered in appraising the results. 

A second advantage of using the FDA reports is that the agency carefully scrutinized the data that the drug companies had sent them. They examined the design of each of the studies and appraised the statistical procedures that were used to analyse the results. They asked the companies to provide more information and conduct additional data analyses where they deemed these to be needed. Most importantly, they excluded from consideration inadequate and poorly controlled trials. This enabled us... 

From appraisal of their respective resonance stabilisation, arylnitrenium ions and alkoxynitrenium ions should form with similar facility. On account of the fact that A-acetoxy-A-acetyl arylamines 7 are penultimate carcinogens in the metabolism of aromatic amines, A-acyloxy-A-alkoxyamides 3 were designed to test their potential as DNA-damaging agents. 

Internal surface of porous particles also has limitations. Diffusional resistances of participants may be such that only a fraction of the pore surfaces is accessed, resulting in a waste of expensive catalyst, or undersizing of equipment that is designed for full utilization of the catalytic surface. Appraising the effectiveness of internal surface is the main thesis of this chapter. 

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