Design and Optimization of Bioreactor Hardware

Until now, bioreactors of various types have been developed. These include loop-fluidized bed [14], spin filter, continuously stirred turbine, hollow fiber, stirred tank, airlift, rotating drum, and photo bioreactors [1]. Bioreactor modifications include the substitution of a marine impeller in place of a flat-bladed turbine, and the use of a single, large, flat paddle or blade, and a newly designed membrane stirrer for bubble-free aeration [13, 15-18]. Kim et al. [19] developed a hybrid reactor with a cell-lift impeller and a sintered stainless steel sparger for Thalictrum rugosum cell cultures, and cell densities of up to 31 g L1 were obtained by perfusion without any problems with mixing or loss of cell viability the specific berberine productivity was comparable to that in shake flasks. Su and Humphrey [20] conducted a perfusion cultivation in a stirred tank bio- 

CIB could have a promising future in its application in shear sensitive cell cultures [26]. 

it can be seen that during the last decade research on the design of plant cell bioreactors has witnessed a boom and reached maturity. A future trend in this area is to combine bioreactor type with operational conditions for specific cell lines of characteristic morphology, physiology and metabolism, in order to optimize the processes for secondary metabolite production. 

---