Desert environment, effect

Effective inlet air filtration is required to ensure satisfactory operation of the engine. The location of the unit determines the most appropriate filter system to use. Desert environments where a large amount of sand particles could be expected in the ambient air may use an automatic roll type of filter that allows new filter material to be rolled in front of the inlet without frequent shut-downs to change filters. Arctic or extremely cold locations may use pad type filters, snow hoods to prevent blockage, and exhaust recirculation to prevent icing. Filter assemblies for offshore marine environments may include weather louvers, demister pads, and barrier elements for salt and dirt removal. Screens may be u.sed for insect removal prior to filtration in areas with bug problems. 

Cook, J. E., Kolka, M. A., Wenger, C. B. (1992). Chronic pyridostigmine bromide administration Side effects among soldiers working in a desert environment. Military Medicine, 157, 250-254. 

Prose DV, Persisting effects of armored military maneuvers on some soils of the Mojave Desert, Environ. Geol. Water Sci., 7, 163, 1985. 

Monitoring of the lasting effects of oil release, the tarcrete, open-burning and detonated mines and ordinances on desert environment and ecosystem components. 

Sutton, B.G., Ting, I. P., Troughton,J.H. Seasonal effects on carbon isotope composition of cactus in a desert environment. Nature (London) 261,42-43 (1976)... 

Saxena, S.C. and A.K. Karel. 1976. On effect of chlordane on the blood glucose and of glucose administration on the acute chlordane toxicity in Meriones hurrianae Jerdon, the Indian desert gerbil. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15 593-600. 

Perchlorate is another anthropogenic compound, which may contaminate surface and gronnd waters. The occurrence of natural perchlorate is limited to extremely dry environments, snch as the Atacama desert. Large kinetic isotope effects during microbial rednction of perchlorate have been observed by Sturchio et al. (2003) and Ader et al. (2008), which may be used to document in-situ bioremediation. 

An entirely different, in fact opposite, effect on insect reproduction by terpenes occurs with the desert locust. In this case the monoterpenes a-pinene, -pinene, llmonene, and euge-nol evaporating from desert shrubs about to bloom, precipitates synchronised sexual maturation and mating activity in the locusts (14). The spruce budworm is also stimulated to increased fertility levels by host tree monoterpenes (R.G. Cates, personal communication). It is possible that even opposite effects on reproduction in insects could occur depending on the specialisation of the insect species to its environment, the diversity of the biological activities of the compounds, and the high level of complexity of the reproductive processes. 

Certain plants have silvery or shiny leaves, which increases the amount of solar irradiation reflected. For instance, the fraction of S reflected by the leaf may increase from typical values of 0.1 or 0.2 (see Fig. 7-4) to 0.3 for silvery leaves, with an accompanying reduction in the absorptance from 0.6 to 0.5 or lower. This reduction in absorptance can have a major influence on T eaf. Other conditions remaining the same, a reduction of the absorptance a by only 0.1 can cause the leaf temperature to decrease from 24°C to 13°C (Table 7-1). Such a reduction in leaf temperature can have substantial effects on transpiration and photosynthesis, which can be particularly important for desert plants in hot environments. For instance, seasonal variations in... 

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