Description or Explanation

Let us return to the question of which model is the best or most correct. The question as posed is obviously not precise enough to be given an exact answer. What is required from a good or correct model  

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A description or explanation of the background of the invention, N, may also be provided by the inventor. This background section discusses previous developments of inventors working in the same area of technology and may also Hst pubHcations or patents that have discussed these developments and predate the filing date of the patent appUcation. The background section may also point to deficiencies in the prior developments that the inventor intends to overcome. 

Note Other descriptions or explanations of the reactions are given parenthetically. 

Use your technical writing skills to write an organized and logical description or explanation. 

Of the mystical writings bearing Basil Valentine s name, pride of place is taken by the celebrated Twelve Keys which appeared in many editions and several languages during the seventeenth century. The twelve illustrative emblems achieved great popularity and were reproduced time after time in many varietal forms. Each of the twelve emblems was provided with an allegorical description or explanation. The complete scries purported to open the door to the most Ancient Stone of our Ancestors, and the most Secret Fountain of Health. ... 

Wang S-G, Qiu Y-X, Schwarz WHE (2009) Bonding or nonbonding Description or explanation Confinement bonding of He adamantane. Chem Eur J 15 6032-6040... 

This chapter does not provide a detailed discussion or explanation of the modelling methods that are available to polymer scientists, but instead attempts to outline the methods that are available without going into too much technical detail, and illustrates, through examples from the literature, what can been achieved. References will be given to more detailed technical descriptions of the techniques discussed. 

Each recommendation should he brief (two or three lines only), sufficient to identify a particular topic, and individually numbered to facilitate management of follow-up and resolution. If appropriate, each recommendation should have appended a cross-reference number to enable a fuller explanation, description, or argument to be extracted from other sections of the report in support of the recommendations. Some investigators recommend adding a column to the table entitled Evidence which allows the team to tie in important pieces of evidence to the findings and identified causes. In effect, this column answers the questions, How do we know this Why do we believe this is a cause ... 

A brief description or scope. This is a basic but complete explanation of the sterilizer and its ancillary equipment, including physical characteristics and function. 

The classical explanation for the increased coordination or valency of sulphur is its use of atomic d orbitals in molecules to form more hybrid orbitals for bonding than can be formed from just s- and p-type orbitals10. The dominant thinking on this subject today11 is that d-type orbitals provide needed spatial flexibility12 for bonding molecular orbitals that are formed even without the d orbitals (in theoretical descriptions or calculations, for example). The d orbitals in hypervalent sulphur are needed for quantitative accuracy and have not been found to be required for the qualitative electronic structure description13. 

Although there are numerous computer statistical analysis products available, they all have many capabilities in common. The characteristics described here are a basic list for one of these products for a usual range of applications. They are listed without any explanation or definition of parameters and terms. Refer to [7] for a full description and explanation. 

How does idealization function in our theoretical description of the world If theories only work because of idealizations, can we reasonably take theories as even aiming at true descriptions and explanations If all theoretical description and explanation works only in the context of idealizations, shouldn t we think of all such theoretical accounts as equally false (or equally true ) of the world Shouldn t that lead us to a kind of instrumentalism that views all useful, idealized accounts as on a par, with all of them equally serving as members of a collection of instruments we can draw on as needed for description, prediction, and explanation and with none of those within this set of useful instruments as privileged over the others as truer or closer to the truth ... 

Cases can be presented either as narrative descriptions or instructive explanations. The first alternative works well for undergraduate students, the... 

Requirements and descriptions of designs should be stated formally (with well defined syntax and semantics) with explanations given in natural language. There should be only one possible interpretation of each description or requirement... 

Reduction reconciles diversity and directionality with strong unity. Unity is cashed out in terms of identity. Diversity is descriptive, or conceptual. Directionality is the directionality of explanatory dependence. A sentence of the form F-ness reduces to G-ness expresses a truth if and only if (i) for every x, if x is F then (x is F because x is G), and (ii) F-ness = G-ness the explanation in condition (i) is non-conceptual. The direction of the dependence relation depends upon features of the descriptions under which an object is presented by the expressions flanking the reduction predicate. It goes from water to H2O, but not from H2O to water. This is so because of a difference in semantic facts about water and H2O , facts other than those regarding reference or designation. Recall Expressions do not matter in this respect. Similarly, ontology does not matter (water just is H2O). 

I will suggest that the explanatory directionality of reduction is tied to differences in how different descriptive or conceptual contents, or Fregean senses present us with entities as having different properties. The idea is this Re-describing an object, we may get better access to its nature. Directionality of reduction just is directionality that stems Irom a difference in the degree to which conceptual or descriptive contents give access to an objects nature, or its constitutive structure. This is reductive dependence. Intuitively, water reduces to H2O because H2O presents us with water under properties that differ relevantly If om those under which water presents us with water. The present section proposes an account of this difference in the sense that it offers a semantic model that enables us to tie reductive dependence to specific semantic features of expressions that pick out a reduced or a reducing object. The difference just is the difference tracked by the directionality of explanatory dependence. Thus, I will not come up with a reductive account of reductive explanation explanatory notions will occur in the characterizations of the central notions of the theory proposed here. 

The assumption [that an explanatory asymmetry is sufficient to exclude identity] is false. Explanation is an epistemological endeavor. Identity is a metaphysical fact. It is entirely possible for two property descriptions cp and lt to refer to the same property in all possible worlds, and yet, since we may know that an object answers the description

object answers the first description, or it may succeed in deepening our understanding of the fact that the object answers the first description. (En 1976,290)... 

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