Dermal absorption aniline

For humans, there are no data regarding the absorption of diphenylhydrazines by any exposure route. Gastrointestinal absorption of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in rats can be inferred by the presence of the parent compound and its metabolites in the urine and by systemic toxic effects following oral administration. No data are available regarding inhalation or dermal absorption in animals. Data are unavailable regarding the metabolism of 1,1-diphenylhydra-zine. Limited data regarding the metabolism of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine by rats suggest benzidine and aniline to be major metabolites with minor... 

Cases of severe and nearly lethal toxic effects after dermal exposure to aniline-based dyes have been reported as early as 1886. These cases have involved mainly infants exposed to dye-stamped diapers and persons wearing freshly dyed shoes. The resulting condition was often termed "nitrobenzene poisoning", even though exposure to nitrobenzene did not necessarily occur. Several conclusions and generalizations about the dermal absorption and toxic effects of nitrobenzene, especially in infants, seem to have been based on these studies which should more appropriately be considered as part of the data base for aniline. 

Table II Occlusive Dermal Absorption in the Rats of 2-ethy1-6-methyl aniline...

Lipid-soluble chemicals like organophosphate insecticides, tetraethyl lead, certain organic solvents, and certain dyes like aniline are relatively well absorbed through the skin. Percutaneous absorption is facilitated by increasing peripheral dermal blood... 

Nitrobenzene is toxic by all routes including skin absorption. Systemic effects may be delayed a few hours. Poisoning closely resembles aniline. Initial care should include adequate gastrointestinal (gastric lavage as indicated and activated charcoal) and dermal decontamination. The patient should be given oxygen and monitored for cyanosis. Cardiac rhythm should be monitored in symptomatic patients. 

Intraperitoneal and Intravenous toxicity of phenols to the mouse depend on small positive slopes of HI with no observable optimum. This simple behavior (Class 1) cannot be causally defined but suggests absorption-desorption from a lipid pool as the rate-limiting step. All other toxicities explored (oral, dermal, sc) to mouse, rat, guinea pig and chicken correlate with positive slopes of Zo and/ or 2,6-effects (Class 2). Diarylamines, anilines and pyrldines also appear to behave as Class 2 toxicants against mice. These reactivity factors Indicate target site expression, consistent with death by irreversible inhibition. 

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