Intravenous toxicity

Table I. Intravenous Toxicity of Palytoxin in Several Animal Species...

Suramin is a non-specific inhibitor of many enzymes. Suramin can only be given intravenously. Toxic reactions are frequent and sometimes severe, including gastrointestinal complaints, nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuritis and exfoliative dermatitis. 

Intravenous toxicity The acute LD5Q in rabbits is about... 

Crook, J.W., Cresthull, P. 1959. The Intravenous toxicity of five oximes in dogs. CWLTR 2284. 

Crook, J.W., Cresthull, P., O Neil, H.W., Oberst, F.W. 1962. Chronic Intravenous toxicity of oximes 2-PAM chloride and 2-PAM methanesulfonate to dogs and rabbits. CRDLR 3153. 

A report on an Edgewood Arsenal study on the toxicology of RDX and HMX solns in di-methylsulfoxide, cyclohexanone and acetone states that a study of the toxicology of the expls RDX and HMX in acet, cyclohexanone, and pure and technical grade dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was initiated to establish whether there is any danger to plant personnel that handle such mixts. The report contains a review of the existing literature on each expl and on each solvent. It also describes tests that were conducted to establish the intravenous toxicity of the expls in DMSO, skin potential, and the ocular effects of the expls in each solvent. All of these tests were conducted on animals (Ref 77)... 

An MTD/dose range finding intravenous toxicity study in male CD-I mice Pharmtoc 0000 Toxicitytoc.pdf... 

Fig. 1. Proportional dose dependency of AUC in an intravenous toxicity study in rat with the test compound A...

Subchronic intravenous toxicity studies with gamma-cyclodextrin in rats. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1998, 188. 

Brewster, M. E., Estes, K. S., Bodor, N. An intravenous toxicity of study of 2-hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin, a useful drug solubilizer, in rats and monkeys. Int J. Pharm. 1990,59, 231-243. 

Preclinical safety. Acute intravenous toxicity studies were performed in mice, rats, and dogs. The lowest dose of the reconstituted Cardiolite kit that resulted in any deaths was 7 mg/kg (expressed as Cu(MIBI)4-Bp4 content) in female rats. This corresponds to 500 times the maximal human dose (MHD) of 0.014 mg/kg for adults (70 kg). Neither rats nor dogs exhibited treatment related effects at reconstituted Cardiolite kit doses of... 

Preclinical safety. Acute intravenous toxicity studies were performed in rats and rabbits, using up to 1,500 times the maximum single human dose. Repeat dose toxicity was assessed in rats and rabbits at 0, 10, 100, and 1,000 times the maximum human dose daily for 14 days. 

In further attempts to obtain useful drugs related to cocaine (30) with modified pharmacological activity, a series of tropane esters (31) has been synthesized in which the aromatic ring is attached directly to position 3. In most of the compounds synthesized a 5—60-fold increase in some biological parameters was observed, but a 10-fold reduction in local anaesthetic activity and a four-fold lowering of intravenous toxicity were also noted. 

Products of the oxidative degradation 253, 254), in which the 4-0 attached aminoglycosyl moiety is removed, show less or no activity K. Fujisawa etal. ) studied the structure-toxicity relations of 25 natural and semi-synthetic aminoglycosides. They evaluated the acute, intravenous toxicity [LD50] with the assumption that the acute toxicity is related to the oto- and nephrotoxicity, which are the limiting side effect in clinical use. The results are summarized in Table 11... 

Mildly toxic by ingestion the oral median lethal doses in all experimental animals were >5000 mg/kg however, produced moderate to severe effects when administered intravenously toxic properties are somewhat similar to those of DDT susceptible to storage in fat also bioaccumulative a teratogenic substance sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in mice, but inadequate evidence in other animals cancer-causing effects in human unknown. 

Intraperitoneal and Intravenous toxicity of phenols to the mouse depend on small positive slopes of HI with no observable optimum. This simple behavior (Class 1) cannot be causally defined but suggests absorption-desorption from a lipid pool as the rate-limiting step. All other toxicities explored (oral, dermal, sc) to mouse, rat, guinea pig and chicken correlate with positive slopes of Zo and/ or 2,6-effects (Class 2). Diarylamines, anilines and pyrldines also appear to behave as Class 2 toxicants against mice. These reactivity factors Indicate target site expression, consistent with death by irreversible inhibition. 

Single-dose intravenous toxicity study of IRDye 800CW in Sprague-Dawley rats. Molecular Imaging and Biology 12 583-594. 

Securinine nitrate was approved for medical use in the USSR as a substitute to imported strychnine.For its stimulant and antispasmodic effects, securinine nitrate was marketed as a drug in this country until the early 1990s. ° The intravenous toxicity of securinine nitrate in mice was quantified with a LD50 value of 3.5 0.9 mg/kg. Securinine was also found to be a weak inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase with an enzyme-inhibition dissociation constant of 1.6 0.1 10... 

Kadota, T., H. Chikazawa, H. Kondoh, K. Ishikawa, S. Kawano, K. Kuroyanagi, N. Hattoii, K. Sakakura, S. Koizumi, E. Hitaiwa, and. 1994. [Toxicity studies of paclitaxel. (Il)-One-month intermittent intravenous toxicity in rats]. J.Toxicol.Sci. 19 Suppl 1 11-34. 

The subchronic toxicity of etretinate has been summarized by Teelmann (1981). Two-week intravenous toxicity studies were carried out in rats and dogs at doses of 0.5 and 2 mg/kg/day. Oral toxicity studies were performed at doses up to 20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks or 13 weeks in rats and at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day in dogs for 13 weeks. 

He3wood, R., James, R. W., Sortwell, R. J., Prentice, D. E. and Bariy, P. S. 1. (1978). The intravenous toxicity of tetra-alkyl lead compounds in rhesus monkeys. Toxicol Lett. 2 187-197. 

Table 8.10 Acute intravenous toxicity (LD 50) in mice of diazepam in different injection formulations and of some placebo formulations. Confidence limits at P = 0.05.

Lutty, G. A. The acute intravenous toxicity of biological stains, dyes, and other fluorescent substances. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1978, 44, 225-249. 

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