Dependence on particle type

It has been observed that the above equations fail to correlate results at higher values. Besides, non-agreement between pool size and particle size formed in them has been found to depend on particle type. Quantitative accounting of correlation between the two is thus not straightforward. A rigorous study in this area is wanted. We may mention the following... 

Both the stagnant and the particle to wall radiation parts are small compared with the turbulent part at industrial syngas conditions even at the high temperatures. For the turbulent part different values of the parameters A, a, and b can be found in the literature [199] [274], depending on particle type, size, and tube-to-particle diameter ratio. 

Effects of Aluminum Particles. Dependence on Particle Type (9)... 

Aeolian mass transport is quantified by the dust emission flux of particle mass, Fp (kg m 2 s ), defined as the vertical mass rate of particle type-p leaving a given surface see Section 16.2. The aeolian chemical flux is dependent on particle type this being its size, density and chemical composition. It has been observed that the fine particle fraction, which includes the clays and silts primarily, contributes a disproportionately large part of the chemical loading. The chemical mass loading on the particle is denoted by vvAp (mg/kg). Therefore, the chemical flux for particle type-p is... 

The first-break roUs of a mill are cormgated rather than smooth like the reduction roUs that reduce the particles of endosperm further along in the process. The rollers are paired and rotate inward against each other and at different speeds. The clearance between rollers and the pressure as well as the speed of each separate roUer, can be adjusted. At each breaking step, the miller selects the milling surface and the cormgations the speed of and interrelation between the rollers depend on the type and condition of the wheat. 

Particle size and cooking condition for the grain slurry vary depending on the type of distilled spirit that is to be produced. In the case of com grain fermentations, distillers use small size, high temperature, and low beer gallonage (higher starch concentrations) for neutral spirits production at 120—170°C and 76—91 L/0.03 m. Bourbon distillates call for low temperatures (100—150°C) and thinner mash of 95—115 L/0.03 m (saccharified starch slurries) out of flavor considerations. (0.03 m is approximately a bushel). 

Since the mid-1950s several materials have been found effective in combating ozone-initiated degradation, in particular certain p-phenylenediamine derivatives. The actual choice of such antiozonants depends on the type of polymer and on whether or not the polymer is to be subject to dynamic stressing in service. Since antiozonants are not known to have any use in plastics materials, even those which may have certain rubber particles for toughening, they will not be dealt with further here. Anyone interested further should consult references 3-5. 

The properties of PTFE are dependent on the type of polymer and the method of processing. The polymer may differ in particle size and/or molecular weight. The partiele size will influence ease of processing and the quantity of voids in the finished product whilst the moleeular weight will influenee crystallinity and... 

The sensitivity and depth resolution of ERDA depend on the type of projectile, on the type of particle, and on energy measurement. Because of the broad range of particles and methods used, general statements about sensitivity and depth resolution are hardly possible. Recent reviews of ERDA techniques are available [3.152-3.154]. 

Physically the generation of X-rays is often a secondary process preceded hy the ionization of an atom. There are, therefore, several possihilities of X-ray generation depending on the type of the exciting medium - neutrals or charged particles such as electrons and ions and high-energy photons, i. e. X-rays themselves. 

T he target level for particles in the air of a paper printing machine hall is 0..5 mg/m, but in some cases the level can be as low as one-tenth of this number. Tissue paper mills are very complicated in this respect. Depending on the process and other factors, the particle level can be as high as 10 mg/m but levels as low as 1 mg/m- can be found. The targets ate selected between those figures depending on the type of paper mill. 

The necessary containment or transport capability of a local ventilation sy stem depends on the type of contaminant present and its health risks. There could be different demands for gases and particles, for contaminants that have immediate health risks and those that have long-term effects, for contaminants that affect the breathing system and those that affect the skin and eyes, for infectious contaminants, fot contaminants that follow the air streamlines closely and those that fall out on floor and work surfaces, etc. (See Chapter 5 for physiological and toxicological considerations.)... 

Solid catalysts can be subdivided further according to the reactor chosen. Dependent on the type of reactor the optimal dimensions and shapes of the catalyst particles differ. Catalysts applied in fixed beds are relatively large particles (typically several mm in diameter) in order to avoid excessive pressure drops. Extrudates, tablets, and rings are the common shapes. Figure 3.9 shows some commonly encountered particle shapes. 

In some specific cases one would like to convert the chemisorption data into an averaged particle size. In that case, the number of surface atoms per unit surface area (density of surface atoms) is an essential parameter. Since this number depends on the type of the crystallographic plane, (see Table 3.7), one also needs information on the types of crystallographic planes exposed to the gas phase. This is also important for another reason the adsorption stoichiometry may depend on the crystallographic plane. 

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