Department of Energy, Mines and Resources

Production and trade figures are pubUshed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (22), the American Bureau of Metal Statistics (23), the Canadian Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources (24), and the World Bureau of Metal Statistics (25). Production figures are often incomplete because of the need to avoid disclosure of proprietary data. Hence, marketing data is often estimated. 

Canadian Minerals Yearbook, Canada Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, Ottawa, Canada (pubHshed annually). 

Berkowitz, N. Proc. Symposium of the Sci. and Tech, of Coal, Ottawa, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)-, 1967, 149. 

Canada s Montreal oil refinery, has operated successfully since 1986. A variation for treating extracts from tar sands was developed by Petro-Canada Exploration and the Department of Energy Mines and Resources and piloted in Canada in the 1980s. Another variation, for making diesel fuel from vegetable oils, was piloted in Vancouver in 1992. 

Waterloo Centre for Process Development. A Plastofrost study of Western Canadian coking coals. Final Report prepared for the Canada Department of Supply and Services and the Canada Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, Canada, 1989. 

Biomass. The potential of biomass to contribute to Canada s energy needs was discussed in papers by C. R. Phillips, D. L. Granatstein and M. A. Wheatley (University of Toronto), R. Overend (Canada Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources), and M. Wayman,. Lora, and E. Gulbinas (University of Toronto). The most energy-eflBcient and least costly use of biomass is the direct burning of wood, followed by gasifica-... 

The Chemical Institute of Canada Canada Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Gulf Oil Canada Ltd. 

Hill, G.R., "Critical Paths to Coal Utilization, Int. J. Energy Res. (1978) U4), 341-49, and personal communication, Ledwell, Dr. T.A., Renewable Energy Resources Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, 580 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA, KIA 0E4. 

The federal Department of Energy, Mines and Resources assists in providing the technical aid they need, and the Department of Industry, Trade and Commerce offers financial and analytical stimuli. Indeed, we conclude that, selected increased effort on research, development and demonstration in this field seems to be well justified. 

Bishnoi, P.R., Kalogerakis, N.E., Jeje, A.A., Dholabhai, P.D., Englezos, P., in Final Report to Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, Earth Physics Branch, Ottawa, Ontario K1AOX3, Canada, DSS File No. 20SU.23235 (1986). 

Boyle RW. 1968. Geochemistry of silver and its deposit notes on geochemical prospecting for the element. Geological Survey of Canada. Ottawa, Ont Canada, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. 160., 1-96. 

Charbonnier, R.P., Draper, R.G. Harper, W.H., and Yates, A. 1969. Analyses and Characteristics of Oil Samples from Alberta. Information Circular IC 232. Department of Energy Mines and Resources, Mines Branch, Ottawa, Canada. 

The laboratories most active in this field include the many U.S. Bureau of Mines Research Centers that are located throughout the country, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commissions national laboratories, the Canadian Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, the atomic energy laboratories, and other agencies of various countries, the research centers and laboratories of metal companies throughout the world, and the several universities and research institutes engaged in research in this field. 

We would like to acknowledge financial support from the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, and the Ontario Ministry of Energy. Current work is also funded by the ENFOR program of Environment Canada. We thank Dr. J. E. McCloskey of Canada Packer s for nmr measurements. 

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