Density primary

Furthermore, using the primary measurements to obtain the secondary process variables (so-called gateway sensor ) is a form of bioprocess control. For example, the measurement of optical density (primary measurement) can be used for the estimation of cell concentration, and, subsequently, the time course of cell concentration can be employed for the estimation of specific growth rate (secondary... 

Leslie CC, McCormick-Shannon K, Mason RJ, Shannon JM (1993) Proliferation of rat alveolar epithelial cells in low density primary culture. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 9(1) 64-72... 

Static SIMS. The static SIMS instrument was briefly described in the instrumental section. Static SIMS has been applied to the study of metal surfaces (fig.) oxide formation (11), and catalysts (ii fi6) but static SIMS is not widely used in microelectronics materials characterization. A major limitation of static SIMS for microelectronics applications is the inability to obtain a detectable signal from a very small area on the sample. The low energy low current density primary ion source used in static SIMS produces a lower count rate per unit area of sample than does the higher energy higher current density used in dynamic SIMS. 

The yield of the isolated carbonates was affected by temperature, cathodic material, working potential, alcohol concentration and the current density. Primary and secondary alcohols were converted in good yields, but tertiary alcohols and phenols were unreactive. The possibility of recycling the ionic liquid... 

It was often found that, contrary to the theoretical prediction, the value of n is non-integer [Avrami, 1939]. The Avrami model is based on several assumptions, such as constancy in shape of the growing crystal, constant rate of radial growth, lack of induction time, uniqueness of the nucleation mode, complete crystallinity of the sample, random distribution of nuclei, constant value of radial density, primary nucleation process (no secondary... 

A reinforcing fiber with high strength and modulus with 2.7 density. Primary purpose for this development was for the reinforcement of metal matrix and ceramic matrix composite structures used in advanced aerospace applications by the military. SiC fibers were developed to replace boron fibers in these RPs, where boron had its drawbacks principally degradation of mechanical properties at temperatures greater than 540C (lOOOF) and very high cost. 

For the feature widescale use of high energy-density primary and secondary batteries it is important to develop methods for the determination of the state of charge of the battery. Continuous and reliable monitoring of the state of charge of the batteries in an electric car, for example, would seem to be an essential requirement for their large scale acceptance. 

T. Atwater, R. Putt, D. Bouland, and B. Bragg, High-Energy Density Primary Zinc/Air Battery Characterization, Proc. 36th Power Sources Covf., Cherry Hill, NJ, 1994. 

Globe Union, A Program to Develop a High Energy Density Primary Battery with a minimum of 200 w att hours per pound of total battery w eight. Final Report No. NASA CR-72364, Contract No. NAS3-6015 (1967). 

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