Gateway sensors

J. K. Mclauglllin, C. L. Meyer, and E. T. Papoutsakis, Gas chromatography and gateway sensors for online state estimation of complex fermentations, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27, 1246-1257 (1985). 

Furthermore, using the primary measurements to obtain the secondary process variables (so-called gateway sensor ) is a form of bioprocess control. For example, the measurement of optical density (primary measurement) can be used for the estimation of cell concentration, and, subsequently, the time course of cell concentration can be employed for the estimation of specific growth rate (secondary... 

Figure 6. Estimation of metabolic parameters using gateway sensor.

Jarvis S P, Durig U, Lantz M A, Yamada H and Tokumoto H 1998 Feedback stabilized force-sensors a gateway to the direct measurement of interaction potentials Appl. Phys. A 66 S211... 

The crucial missing part in this scenario is the gateway through which these worlds will communicate how can the digital world sense and respond to changes in the real world Unfortunately, it would appear from the lack of field deployable devices in commercial production that attempts to integrate molecular sensor science into portable devices have failed to bear the fruits promised this problem is what we call the chemo-/biosensing paradox.4... 

The communication infrastructure in a WSN consists of two layers the first layer between the sensors and the gateways and the second between the gateways and the outside world [10]. While for the backbone network, ie, the second layer, fast and secure lines, eg, optical hbers, are preferred, for the hrst layer the choices vary. According to the distance and the demanded speed, two different transmission categories can be found (1) wireless local area network (WLAN) and (2) wireless personal area network (WPAN), [20]. These transmission categories are briefly described in the next sections. 

A WLAN is a ubiquitous and broadband wireless resource that uses low-bandwidth channels that meet the requirements for reliable and robust communication with speeds of up to 54 Mb/s. It is developed between sensors and gateways that are scattered at a distance of 30—50 m indoors or 100—200 m outdoors. WLANs are deployed over urban, suburban, and mral environments, and the main wireless communications technology is Wi-Fi, usually covering two bands, one in 2.4 GHz and one in 5.2 GHz. 

A typical wearable body sensor network consists of multiple types of biomedical sensors and gateway (eg, smartphone or other mobile devices) that can aggregate the data from the sensors and transmit them to remote control servers or cloud. Especially for the textile-based wearable sensors, the sensors might have limited wireless... 

Abstract— In this study, a wireless sensor network (WSN) for flexible pH array sensor has been developed by virtual software of National Instrument (NI) Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW). The measurement data were received from measurement node and sent to a gateway connecting with computer through WSN. The WSN has been combined successfully with flexible pH array sensor. And the sensitivity and linearity of the flexible pH array sensor received through WSN are 53.39 mV/pH and 0.990 in pH concentrations between pHl and pH13 at room temperate (25 C), respectively. Therefore, the developed WSN can be applied to the flexible pH array sensor practically. 

Indirect measurement via computers appears to be a viable alternative to measurement involving sampling. Certain sensor information can be combined to give additional information such as oxygen-uptake rate, carbon-dioxide evolution rate, and respiratory quotient. These measurements can be thought of as gateway measurements because they make possible the calculation of additional information (Table 24.3). ... 

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