Density ASTM

The standard test method utilizes a density gradient column (Fig. 6.6), which is a column of liquid residing in a large test tube. The liquid is actually comprised of two liquids of different density poured into the tube. The bottom of the column has the highest density, and the top has the lowest. The density decreases linearly from the bottom to the top of the column. Beads of various known densities (to four decimal places in g/cc) are added to the column and float at their specific density levels. Thereby a linear calibration curve can be created of density vs. column height. When a specimen of unknown density is added to the column, it will come to float at its density level, which can be determined from the calibration curve. Setting up the column requires experience and patience. However, once the column is established, it provides a quick and easy method of obtaining accurate density measurements. 

Rheological data provides information about how a melted material will perform (flow) under processing conditions. Perhaps the most important rheological test used by plastics processors is the melt index test. Though rheologists scoff at this notion, it is nevertheless vitally important because virtually every manufacturer that employs an extruder, injection molder, or blow molder uses the test method or the data it yields. 

Incidentally, a true rheologist has a right to scoff The melt index test provides only the smallest amount of useful data from a vast array of information that the field of rheology can provide about a material. Further, the small amount of data yielded by a 

Practically all resin suppliers provide a melt index value with every lot of material sold and most manufacturers use the melt index (either as reported by the supplier or as measured in-house) as both a check on incoming resin and a guide for processing conditions. Slight variations in the melt index (a few tenths) of incoming resin are usually 

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Compressibility Disposal Abitrary methods relating changes in bulk density ASTM methods... 

Density (ASTM D1298 IP 160) is an important property of petroleum products since petroleum, especially petroleum products, are usually bought and sold on that basis, or if on a volume basis, then converted to a mass basis via density... 

Flame retardance is another important property and is defined by different test methods. Some of the small-scale methods include horizontal flame spread (FMVSS 302, ASTM D-1692) vertical flammability (ASTM D-3014, so-called Butler Chimney Test), limiting oxygen index (ASTM D-2863), and smoke density (ASTM D-2840). 

Density (ASTM D-1298, IP 160) is an important property of petroleum products because petroleum and especially petroleum products are usually bought and sold on that basis or, if on a volume basis, then converted to mass basis via density measurements. This property is almost synonymously termed as density, relative density, gravity, and specific gravity, all terms related to each other. Usually a hydrometer, pycnometer, or more modem digital density meter is used for the determination of density or specific gravity (ASTM 2000 Speight, 2001). 

Correlative methods have long been used as a way of dealing with the complexity of various petroleum fractions, including naphtha. Relatively easy to measure physical properties such as density (or specific gravity) (ASTM D-2935 ASTM D-3505, ASTM D-4052) are also required. Viscosity (ASTM D-88, ASTM D-445, ASTM D-2161, IP 71), density (ASTM D-287, ASTM D-891, ASTM D-941, ASTM D-1217, ASTM D-1298, ASTM D-1555, ASTM D-1657, ASTM D-2935, ASTM D-4052, ASTM D-5002, IP 160,... 

When an experimental determination of heat of combustion is not available and cannot be made conveniently, an estimate might be considered satisfactory (ASTM D-6446). In this test method, the net heat of combustion is calculated from the density and sulfur and hydrogen content, but this calculation is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relationship between these quantities has been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples. Thus the hydrogen content (ASTM D-1217,ASTM D-1298,ASTM D-3701, ASTM D-4052, ASTM D-4808, ASTM D-5291 IP 160, IP 365), density (ASTM D-129, ASTM D-1250, ASTM D-1266, ASTM D-2622, ASTM D-3120, IP 61, IP 107), and sulfur content (ASTM D-2622, ASTM D-3120, ASTM D-3246, ASTM D-4294, ASTM D-5453, ASTM D-5623, IP 336, IP 373) of the sample are determined by experimental test methods and the net heat of combustion is calculated using the values obtained by these test methods based on reported correlations. 

Density [ASTM Dielectric Radiation effects Thermal conductivity Elongation-at-break Gas chromatography. ... 

Density (ASTM DiSOS) Gei permeation chromatography (ASTM D6474) " Tensile (ASTM D2990, D638) b ... 

Density. ASTM D1505 is used to measure polymer density. A small sample (1-5 g) of powder or pellet is molded in a carefully prescribed manner and dropped into columns with alcohol/water gradients of different viscosities. The position of the sample in the column is compared with standards of known density, and the density of the test sample is determined. 

Electrical Properties. Tbe electrical properties of Teflon PFA are given in Table 5. The dielectric constant of PFA resins is about 2.06 over a wide range of frequencies (10 —2.4 x 10 ° Hz), temperatures, and densities (ASTM D150). The values for PFA density vary only slightly, 2.13-2.17, and the dielectric... 

Super-duty Fireclay Refractory. Defined in ASTM - C27 as a fireclay brick having a P.C.E. 33 and an after-contraction 1% when tested at 1600 C. There are three types Regular, Spall Resistant, Slag Resistant. Limits are set for panel spalling loss, modulus of rupture and bulk density. ASTM C-673 specifies a super-duty plastic refractory with P.C.E. 321/. ... 

Density ASTM D-1505 A sample plaque is made from the experimental sample according to the method guidelines. 

Notes Softening temperature Ring and Ball Shelf life 1 year. Notes Softening Temp ASTM 0 3461, Density ASTM D 792, Viscosity ASTM D ... 

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