Butler chimney

Flame retardance is another important property and is defined by different test methods. Some of the small-scale methods include horizontal flame spread (FMVSS 302, ASTM D-1692) vertical flammability (ASTM D-3014, so-called Butler Chimney Test), limiting oxygen index (ASTM D-2863), and smoke density (ASTM D-2840). 

Thermosetting Foams 105 BUTLER CHIMNEY, X WEIGHT RETAINED... 

Figure 37. Comparison of blowing agents in Butler Chimney Test (196).

An example of the surface flammability in terms of the Butler chimney test of oxazolidone-modified isocyanurate foams is shown in Figure 40. The effect of equivalent ratio on friabUity is shown in Figure... 

Fig. 3.62 The Butler Chimney of ASTM D 3014-76 Dimensions in mm Copyrigth ASTM. See footnote of Fig. 3.21...

Zhang and co-workers [79] investigated flame retardency and thermal behaviour of rigid PU foams prepared with different blowing agents and FR. Char yields produced upon combustion of the polymers were evaluated by the Butler Chimney Standard test method and pyrolysis - mass spectrometry (pyrolysis at 700 °C). 

A Butler chimney apparatus was fabricated following the ASTM D3014 standard flammability test [80]. The tests were conducted on six cut specimens from material of uniform density in the centre part of the foam. Each foam specimen size was 254 X 19 X 19 mmh The cut foams were mounted on the vertical Butler chimney and ignited with a Bunsen burner for 10 seconds. The temperature of the Bunsen burner was monitored with a thermocouple and set to be 960 5 °C. The extinguishing time of the flame, after the burner was removed from the bottom of the foams, was recorded and reported as the burning time. The percentage mass retained or char yield was determined after each test run, and the char was collected for further analysis. 

Fire tests were completed according to ASTM D 3014-86, known as the Butlers Chimney Test. A foam containing 30% PFA by weight of polyurethane chemicals was compared to the standard polyurethane foam. 

Butler, 1. B., and Nesbitt, R.W. (1999).Trace element distributions in the chalcopyrite wall of a black smoker chimney Insights from laser ablation coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 167(3), 335. 

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