Supramolecular dendrimer

Lee JW, Ko YH, Park SH et al (2001) Novel pseudorotaxane-terminated dendrimers supramolecular modification of dendrimer periphery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 40 746-749... 

Narayanan, V. V. Newkome, G. R. In Dendrimers. Supramolecular chemistry within dendritic structures, Vogtle, F., Ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1998, Vol. 197, pp 19-77. 

Most dendrimers that have been prepared in the years since 1985 have been based on covalent bonds. However, some have employed secondary bonding, such as hydrogen bonding or co-ordination chemistry. Dendrimers of this type can be considered as part of the growing field of supramolecular... 

Co-ordination chemistry is not the only possible approach to the successful preparation of supramolecular dendrimers. Other examples include hydrogen-bonded dendrimers, which have been prepared using tetracar-boxylic acid moieties as the linking species, and others have been prepared where the hydrogen bonds were developed using melamine and cyanuric acid at the focal point (i.e. the point towards which convergent synthesis is directed). 

This is a very new field, but given the current interest in both dendrimer chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, it is one that is likely to receive attention in the future. The prospect of preparing well-defined molecular assemblies, rather than ill-defined clusters, is attractive, and is expected to give access to new properties that can be controlled by the molecular architecture of the assembly. New and useful materials seem likely to emerge as this chemistry grows and is exploited in the years to come. 

Smith DK, Diederich F (2000) Supramolecular Dendrimer Chemistry - A Journey Through the Branched Architecture. 210 183-227 Stec WJ, see Guga P (2002) 220 169-200 Steudel R (2003) Aqueous Sulfur Sols. 230 153-166 Steudel R (2003) Liquid Sulfur. 230 80-116... 

Zimmermann SC, Lawless LJ (2001) Supramolecular Chemistry of Dendrimers. 217 95-120 Zwanenburg B, ten Holte P (2001) The Synthetic Potential of Three-Membered Ring Aza-Heterocycles. 216 93-124... 

Percec, V. et al. Synthesis and retrostructural analysis of hbraries of AB3 and constitutional isomeric AB2 phenyl propyl ether-based supramolecular dendrimers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 3324, 2005. 

In this decade, all chemistry research fields have adopted and/or applied the dendrimers and/or dendrimer methodologies. The table of contents of this series. Topics in Current Chemistry Dendrimers Volumes I-IV, clearly indicates this situation [1-4], that is, the concept of dendritic compounds has already been introduced in host-guest and/or supramolecular chemistry (Vol. I/Chap. 2, Vol. Il/Chaps. 3,4, Vol. IV/Chap. 3), chiral chemistry (Vol. I/Chap. 4), electrochemistry (Vol. I/Chap. 6, Vol. Ill/Chap. 3), heteroatom and/or organometalHc chemistries (Vol. I/Chap. 3, Vol. Il/Chaps. 2,5, and Vol. IV/Chap. 4), and carbohydrate chemistry (Vol. IV/Chap. 6), as well as applied in the field of medicine (Vol. Il/Chap. 6) and nanoscience (Vol. Ill/Chap. 4). The dendrimer methodology is expected to be used in future novel science as a conventional chemistry concept. 

In this review, we tried to cover all the supramolecular species that maybe classified as rotaxane dendrimers. We classified them by their structures - where in dendrimer rotaxane-hke features are introduced. Several different types of macrocycles have been employed as a ring component in the templated synthesis of rotaxane dendrimers. While the synthesis of Type I and II rotaxanes dendrimers is relatively straightforward, that of well-defined Type III rotaxane dendrimers, particularly those of second and higher generations, is still challenging. 

Keywords. Calcium carbonate. Mineralization, Hyperbranched polymer, Supramolecular assembly. Anionic dendrimer... 

The use of ordered supramolecular assemblies, such as micelles, monolayers, vesicles, inverted micelles, and lyotropic liquid crystalline systems, allows for the controlled nucleation of inorganic materials on molecular templates with well-defined structure and surface chemistry. Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers modified with long aliphatic chains are a new class of amphiphiles which display a variety of aggregation states due to their conformational flexibility [38]. In the presence of octadecylamine, poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers modified with long alkyl chains self-assemble to form remarkably rigid and well-defined aggregates. When the aggregate dispersion was injected into a supersaturated... 

Figure 8.9 Schematic representation of a conical monodendron self-assembled into a supramolecular spherical micellar dendrimer, and then into an fm3m cubic mesophase.

Other supramolecular structures such as dendrimers have also been synthesized with zinc-containing porphyrins. Sixteen free base and sixteen zinc porphyrin units were added at the fifth generation of dendritic poly(L-lysine) and intramolecular fluorescence energy transfer was observed.823 Assembly of supramolecular arrays in the solid state has been achieved with the incorporation of an amide group for hydrogen bonding. Zinc meso-tetra(4-amidophenyl)porphyrin... 

Dendrimers are taking their space in the tool box of the modern synthetic chemist. Dendritization might offer solutions to problems yet unsolved. Dendritic wedges, i. e. dendryl substituents of well-chosen size and generation allow us to tune molecular properties like solubility, steric accessability of reactive sites, redox behaviour, and other features. Easy-to-make dendrimers and dendrons will thus become extremely helpful for any chemist in the covalent as well as in the supramolecular world . 

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