Demographic dynamics

Kondratyev, K.Ya. (1996). Global changes and demographic dynamics. Proceedings of the Russian Geographical Society, 128(3), 1-12 [in Russian]. 

To more fully understand the impact of managed care on the pharmaceutical industry, a look at managed care s cost-containment strategies and continued movement toward multiple payers will be presented first, followed by the influential market dynamics of increased competition and changing demographics. Concluding the section will be a discussion of how these factors have impacted the pharmaceutical industry s research and development priorities and product life cycles. 

The horizontal services include (but are not limited to) demographic registries, services for dynamic construction of lifetime personal health record, electronic health record management services, global person identification services, clinical and financial data integration services, information management services, electronic collaboration services, clinical decision services, and interdisciplinary coordination services. 

The United States is currently a leader in most areas of theoretical/ computational chemistry. In basic theory, Europe has many talented young investigators. Within the next 10 years, given these demographics, the U.S. leadership will be challenged by Europe in electronic structure and basic theory development. This trend does not characterize the entire field of theoretical chemistry. For example, Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods were invented in the United States, and to this day, the United States maintains a strong position, especially in quantum Monte Carlo calculations. 

Matrix models are sets of mostly linear difference equations. Each equation describes the dynamics of 1 class of individuals. Matrix models are based on the fundamental observation that demographic rates, that is, fecundity and mortality, are not constant throughout an organism s life cycle but depend on age, developmental stage, or size. Ecological interactions, natural disturbances, or pesticide applications usually will affect different classes of individuals in a different way, which can have important implications for population dynamics and risk. In the following, I will only consider age-structured models, but the rationale of the other types of matrix models is the same. For an example of this approach applied to pesticide risk assessment, see Stark (Chapter 5). 

Lau, D., Mumighan, J. K. (1998). Demographic diversity and faultlines The compositional dynamics of organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 23, 325-340. 

This experimental system will allow us to choose between alternate hypotheses of pheromonal influences on population dynamics, given the appropriate manipulations of demographic parameters on the islands. It is critical that hypotheses concerning the puberty pheromones are based not only on empirical evidence but also on theoretical results pertaining to the age of first reproduction and how this trait interacts with other life-history characters. 

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