Definitions and objectives

The purpose of this chapter is to present the main economic characteristics of reference pricing (RP) as a system for the public funding of pharmaceuticals financed by the public sector. The following sections deal with the definition and objectives of RP and analyse the features of the various reference pricing systems that are applied internationally. This is followed by a look at the justification for RP from the economic point of view. We then go on to analyse the impact of RP policies, especially with regard to expenditure, consumption and drag prices. In the final section we discuss what can be expected from the application of RP to the Spanish health system. 

Unfortunately, even the planning of green biotechnology has now evolved into a wicked problem with complex structures and no obvious causal chains. This applies also to the PA. These problems cannot be determined completely in a quantitative and scientific manner, and there are no existing solutions in the sense of definitive and objective answers alone. Wicked problems have been addressed mainly through formalized (linear) methods that are suitable only for the solution of tame problems. 

Medicinal Chemistry Definitions and Objectives, Drug Activity Phases, Drug Classification Systems... 

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVES, THE THREE MAIN PHASES OF DRUG ACTIVITY, DRUG AND DISEASE CLASSIFICATIONS... 

Don t set out without a clear problem definition and objective statement An unplemned experiment often ends up in total loss of time and money. 

Evaluation of data requirements based on problem and system definition and objectives. Automatic data-acquisition capability to prepare the data directly from an external company database. 

Kaindl, H. A Practical Approach to Combining Requirements Definition and Object-Oriented Analysis. Annals of Software Engineering 3, 319-343 (1997)... 

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