Defense morphological

Plants have developed various mechanisms of defense against phytophagus Insects. Two defensive morphological features are trichomes and glands. Trichomes may be halr-llke or glandular. 

Ltirling M (2003) Phenotypic plasticity in the green algae Desmodesmus and Scenedesmus with special reference to the induction of defensive morphology. Ann Limnol... 

The morphology of AM fungal structures developing outside and inside the root is conserved even in the rhizosphere of transgenic plants, where accumulation of antifungal plant defense products—such as lytic enzymes (e.g., chi-... 

Camacho FA, Thacker RW (2006) Aniphipod herbivory on the freshwater cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei. chemical stimulants and morphological defenses. Limnol Oceanogr 51 1870-1875 Carmichael WW (1994) The toxins of cyanobacteria. Sci Am 2780 78-86 Carmichael WW (2001) Health effects of toxin-producing cyanobacteria the cyanoHABs . Hum Ecol Risk Assess 7 1393-1407... 

Termites are living in rigid societies in which morphologically specialized individuals execute specific tasks king and queen reproduce, the workers forage and feed. Finally, soldiers of many termite species are morphologically and physiologically specialized for defense [182]. 

We have tested the hypothesis that even susceptible host plants have defenses against insect attack In contrast to an artificial diet containing low concentrations of defensive allelochemlcals and having no morphological means of defense. A few species of Insects have been observed to have Increased fecundity and growth on artificial diets compared to preferred plants (, 51). 

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