Default branch

An alternative way to avoid latches in the above example is to specify a default branch in the case statement or to make a default assignment to all variables assigned in a case statement (in this example, NextToggle), prior to the case statement. Here is an example that uses a default branch to avoid inferring latches. 

Two flip-flops are inferred to hold the value of the variable MealyState with the specified state assignment. The default branch in the case statement can be avoided by specifying the case statement as full case , as shown next. 

In this case, no latches are inferred for Z and NextState since the full case synthesis directive states that no other case item values can occur. However, the preferred style for not inferring latches is to use the default branch. 

To insert extra branches beyond the two default branches in CONVERGENT spreadsheet, copy entire block of main branch from column headings to subtotals line. 

The problem with this approach is that since it is impractical to list all possible values an integer can take, to avoid latches either the default case branch must be specified or the full case synthesis directive must be used. Another problem with this approach is not good readability. 

The SCIES model has been upgraded. The new version is called the Consumer Exposure Module (CEM). Some of the default values have been changed. Additionally, the emission term for paints has been revised, and is presented in the Wall Paint Exposure Model (WPEM). Information on CEM and WPEM can be obtained from the Exposure Assessment Branch of the USEPA. 

Donahue, l.M. (1996). Revised Policy on Dermal Absorption Default for Pesticides, a memorandum (dated Inly 15), Worker Health and Safety Branch (WH S), HSM-96005, California Department of Pesticide Research, Sacramento, CA, USA. 

Conditional branching structures should always bear a default clause to cater for situations outside the progranuner s conception. This clause should cause the program to terminate gracefully. In this way the unexpected termination of the program in an undefined state can be engineered out and avoided. 

Initially, we thought there might not be measurable differences in the B-sheet propensities because extended B-sheet structure is much more similar to the unfolded state than the constrained a-helix. Hence, the B-sheet might be merely a "default" structure into which any amino acid may fit, and the Chou-Fasman statistical parameters (12) may therefore result from the strict conformational requirements of a-helices alone. Because B-sheets are more often found fully buried than are a-helices, the statistical distribution of the hydrophobic, B-branched residues in B-sheets may reflect only a hydrophobic requirement rather than a B-sheet forming propensity. 

NIH Image is a public domain image processing and analysis program for the Macintosh. It was developed at the Research Services Branch (RSB) of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The software is located at http //rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/Default.html. 

Studies of proteins and synthetic peptides have revealed some reasons for these preferences. The a helix can be regarded as the default conformation. Branching at the (3-carbon atom, as in valine, threonine, and isoleucine, tends to destabilize a helices because of steric clashes. These residues are readily accommodated in (3 strands, in which their side chains project out of... 

CONVERGENT spreadsheet is defaulted to a plan having two 10-step branches. 

It is well known that branched-chain hydrocarbons tend in general to be more stable than less branched ones. In determining the parameters here, we need three values, which we have chosen to be methyl, iso, and neo. Methane is considered a special case. The methylene value is not included, which is equivalent to choosing it as our zero point by default. The neo value is most negative (approximately -6.9 kcal/mol), followed by the iso (-3.3 kcal/mol), the methylene (zero), and the methyl value, which is positive (-b2.0kcal/mol). 

The strainless standard for alkanes (MM4 and earlier) is defined by five parameters. These are the C-C and C-H bonds and three branching parameters. Me, Iso, and Neo, where the methylene group is a default quantity (with an energy value of zero). Methane is also given a strain energy of zero. 

Recent work shows that DHBCs can also be used to stabilize a single crystal face of PbCOs crystals [61]. hi the presence of PEO-h-PMAA, disc-like nanoplatelets are formed as the primary short-term structure, in contrast to the poorly defined default star-Uke PbCOs structure under the chosen conditions. With increasing time, these nanoplatelets tend to branch or stack... 

In Bayesian analysis GTR+I+G model of nucleotide substitutions with four rate categories was used. Four Metropolis-coupled MCMC chains were run from randomly chosen starting trees for 3000000 generations, trees were saved once every 10 generations, 114000 first trees were ignored. The other options retained default values. Majority-rule consensus trees were constructed and Bayesian posterior probabilities as branch support values were calculated. This analysis will be referred to as MB144 where based on dataset 1, and as MB135 where based on dataset 2. 

The key wheat starch components are amylose and amylopectin, the ratio of which is a key determinant of noodle quality. These are chains of glucose units that are essentially linear (amylose) or highly branched (amylopectin). Because the components contain the same glucose units, it is not surprising that their NIR spectra are very similar. However, the major difficulty in this case is that the reference method is not sufficiently accurate to enable the calculation of master curves. However, a workable calibration has been achieved with the default algorithm, partial least squares (59). 

The first step is to determine the degree of behavioural adaptation. This cannot always be done very precisely. Even if there are no studies reporting behavioural adaptation, one cannot rule out that it actually takes place—it has simply not been documented. However, to determine if there is behavioural adaptation, there is no alternative to relying on available studies and evidence. In other words, if no studies have reported behavioural adaptation, the default assumption is that there is no behavioural adaptation and cost-benefit analysis proceeds on this assumption (the leftmost branch in Figure 20.3). If there is evidence of behavioural adaptation, the degree of adaptation can often be determined on the basis of the effect of a measure on crashes. If there is an effect on crashes, behavioural adaptation does not entirely eliminate safety effects (case road lighting). If the safety measure has no effect on crashes, behavioural adaptation is complete (cases bright road surfaces and antilock brakes). If the safety measure has an adverse effect on crashes, behavioural adaptation turns the safety effect around from favourable to adverse. 

Avoid incomplete If statements by including a default Else branch. See Chapter 5 for more details of incomplete Ifs. 

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